To track progress on policy implementation, we’ve compiled a database of emissions reduction policies currently implemented, developing, and announced in Canada at the federal, provincial, and territorial levels.
Policy name
Region
Sector
Status
Instrument type
Abatement channel
Alberta
Electricity
Implemented
Mandatory
Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Regulation requiring 30% of electricity produced in Alberta come from renewable sources by 2030. Interim targets of 15% by 2022, 20% by 2025, and 26% by 2028 have been established.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Industrial carbon pricing and emission trading system, which replaced the Specified Gas Emitters Regulation (2007-2017) and the Carbon Competitiveness Incentive Regulation (2018-2019). The Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) Regulation applies to facilities emitting over 100,000 tCO2e annually in any year since 2016. There are also options for facilities below the threshold to opt-in to the TIER program under certain conditions. The regulation establishes performance level benchmarks. TIER facilities meet the federal benchmark and are exempt from paying the federal fuel charge. TIER applies to about 60% of Alberta's emissions. Regulated facilities may 1) reduce emission beyond required benchmark to earn credits 2) pay prescribed price to emit, 3) utilise emission performance credits, 4) utilise Alberta Emission Offsets system. Cost of credits is set at $40/credit for 2021 and $50/credit for 2022.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Alberta
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Partnership between the Government of Alberta, Rural Municipalities of Alberta, and Alberta Municipalities to support emission reductions and energy savings initiatives in municipalities, schools, and communities. Provides funding and capacity building services.
Voluntary financing program for municipalities which reduces the upfront loan repayment costs for energy efficiency upgrades. In order to be delivered, municipalities must pass a local bylaw. Subsequently, delivery and administration is led by Energy Efficiency Alberta. In order to be eligible, projects must focus on energy efficiency, on-site renewables, insulation upgrades, or high-efficiency heating. Financing for energy-efficient upgrades or renewable energy systems such as solar panels, high-insulation windows and high-efficiency heating and cooling systems would be repaid through the building owner’s property taxes. Often, the savings generated by the PACE upgrades would be greater than the annual repayment.
Regulation information: Bill 10 (An Act to Enable Clean Energy Improvements) was passed on June 6, 2018. The Act authorizes municipalities to complete a borrowing to finance projects and recover costs through the municipal property tax system. The attendant regulation (Clean Energy Improvements Regulation) came into force on January 1, 2019.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Under the federal government's Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program, Alberta is receiving $1.25 billion for green infrastructure projects over the next 10 years (2018-28). Eligible organizations can apply for funding for projects that support the following sub-streams:
- climate change mitigation
- adaptation, resilience and disaster mitigation
- environmental quality
Federal: Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program. The federal government will cost share eligible projects up to the following:
40% for municipal and not-for-profit partners
50% for provincial projects
75% for projects with Indigenous partners
25% for private sector, for-profit partners (when eligible)
Please note that municipal projects funded through the Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program require a provincial cost-share of 33.33%.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Alberta
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Restriction on GHG emissions to 100 MtCO2e annually from all oil sands sites combined. Oil sand sites include buildings, equipment and machinery, vehicles, and other infrastructure which are necessary for the operations of an oil sands site.
Implementing regulations are not yet in place.
Oil Sands Emissions Limit engagement
Input was gathered on the Oil Sands Advisory Group's recommendations for implementing a 100 megaton limit on emissions in the oil sands.
Triggers if Emissions Approach the Limit
* If the 10 year forecast indicates that oil sands emissions are expected to exceed the 100 megaton limit within 5 years, this would trigger more stringent actions.
*If the annual forecast indicates that oil sands emission are expected to exceed the 100 megaton limit within the year, then the 50th to 100th percentile of highest emission intensity facilities would face a mandatory emission reduction requirement equivalent to the amount needed to stay below the limit.
* If facilities exceed the authorized amount outside an acceptable level of variability then the excess amount would face a $200 per tonne penalty that would scale with the provincial/national carbon price.
A methane reduction target of 45% by 2025 using regulation, market-based programs, and investments. Addresses common sources of methane emissions in the upstream oil and gas industry, and puts forth changes in measuring, monitoring, and reporting on methane emissions. Alberta’s second annual progress report for the 2021 reporting year shows that oil and gas methane emissions went down by about 44% between 2014 and 2021. The total methane emissions in 2014 are estimated to be 27 MT CO2e and in 2021 are estimated to be 15 MT CO2e.
Performance standard requiring minimum 5% qualifying renewable alcohol content in gasoline, and 2% qualifying bio-based diesel in diesel fuel sold by fuel suppliers.
Funding to several carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects, including the Shell Canada Energy Quest Project and the Alberta Carbon Trunk Line, reducing emissions by 2.76 Mt annually. Through this program, the Government of Alberta will provide a grant of 12 per cent for new eligible carbon capture, utilization, and storage costs. The incentive is intended to align with the federal CCUS investment tax credit. Enhanced oil recovery will be eligible for the incentive. Part of the funding will come from the TIER fund. According to the Government of Alberta, it is expected to cost between $3.2 billion and $5.3 billion between 2024 and 2035.
$131 million in funding to support emission reductions efforts of large industrial emitters. Example recipients include: Advantage Energy's Glacier Gas Plant Carbon Capture and Storage and Waste Heat Recovery in Hythe, Ember Resource's Ember Engine Emissions Reduction Program at multiple facilities throughout east/central Alberta, and Imperial Oil's Kearl ConDex Full Scale Oil Sands Mine Installations in Fort McMurray.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
$55 million in funding from the Government of Alberta to Emission Reduction Alberta’s Energy Savings for Business program to support funding for emissions-reducing industrial and commercial projects in small and medium-sized facilities.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Alberta
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
$58 million in funding for 20 projects worth more than $155 million. These projects support innovative emission reductions in the natural gas sector. An estimated 1 MT of GHG reductions could result from these innovations. Funding comes from carbon pricing payments made through the Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction (TIER) fund.
Funding program covering 30% to 50% of up to $100,000 to agricultural producers for investments made into eligible expenses intended to support sustainable agricultural production, carbon emission mitigation, and reducing risks of contaminants to water. Eligible expenses may include: innovative solutions to addressing environmental impacts of agriculture, improved pesticide and nutrient management, riparian management, waste management.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Multiple funding calls for technology development. In 2020/2021, ERA committed over $224 million to 37 projects worth a combined value of $2.2 billion through the Food, Farming, and Forestry Challenge; Shovel-Ready Challenge; and Partnership Intake Program.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Alberta
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
A $25-million grant was delivered to Carbon Connect International to carry out the Methane Technology Implementation Program (MTIP). The program supports installation of commercially available methane reduction technologies (with abatement cost for projects below $50/ton CO2e on a lifetime basis) at conventional oil and gas facilities in Alberta. Operators will be receive funds up to $2 million. The following project types are listed as being eligible for funding: pneumatic devices, hydrocarbon storage tanks, compressors, casing gas, and other non-routine technologies.
A $17.6-million grant was delivered to the Alberta Methane Emissions Program to support investigating and testing alternative approaches to detection and quantification of fugitive and vented emissions. The funding contributes to three key areas: alternative fugitive emissions management program proposals; data management and analytics; and new technology trials.
Another $15-million grant was also delivered to Carbon Connect International to implement the Baseline and Reduction Opportunity (BRO) Assessment Program. The program support small and medium-sized oil and gas operators to conduct detailed assessments of methane reduction opportunities and fugitive emissions. The assessments include device and equipment inventory assessment, leak detection, and extended flow and gas composition analysis. The program provides up to $200,000 per operator for all approved projects combined.
Financing program reducing upfront loan repayment costs for energy retrofits. Annual improvement payments are tied to a specific property rather than an individual, and are paid through local government property taxes.
Planned introduction of a GHG emissions cap to require gas utilities to reduce emissions to 6 MtCO2e annually by 2030. There is expected to be flexibility in how utilities may meet this target.
Planned standard to increase clean electricity (from renewable sources) to 100% of supply by 2030 through phase out of remaining gas-fired facilities by 2030.
The BC Energy Step Code is an optional compliance pathway within the BC Building Code which local governments may use to require or incentivize increased building efficiency standards for new buildings. These updated optional standards consist of increased energy performance standards compared to the existing BC Building Code of 20% more energy efficiency by 2022, 40% more energy efficiency by 2027, and 80% more energy efficiency by 2032 (net-zero energy ready standard).
Programs offering incentives for energy efficiency measures in residential buildings. CleanBC Better Homes programs include rebates for households including the Indigenous Community Heat Pump Incentive (funding for heat pump installation in residential and community buildings in Indigenous communities), rebates for heat pumps, electric service upgrades, and new construction programs for the construction of high performance electric homes. Based on household income, the CleanBC Income Qualified Program offers enhanced rebates to make energy-saving home upgrades more affordable. The Better Buildings program provides incentives for commercial buildings including: support for upgrades, heating equipment conversions, low interest financing and ISO 5001 incentive (co-managed with federal government), and implementation of energy management systems in industrial facilities.
Regularly updated standards for products that use or control energy. Regulated devices include: windows, appliances, space heaters, water heaters, lighting, some types of industrial equipment.
Innovation fund supporting research, demonstration and development of low carbon building materials, construction methods and building components to increase affordability and accessibility.
Refundable income tax credit for up to 5% of qualifying expenditures spent on qualifying retrofits to improve energy efficiency. Effective April 1, 2022 until April 1, 2025. This credit is intended to reduce energy use intensity in qualifying buildings (mainly MURB and commercial). Qualifying expenditures include HVAC systems, fans, lighting, water heating equipment, pumps, and permitting.
$84 million in federal green infrastructure funding allocated to support industrial electricity consumers who are switching from carbon-based fuels to electricity. Funding covers 50% of eligible costs including planning and construction of new electrical connections for up to $15 million.
The Greenhouse Gas Reduction Regulation (GGRR), authorized under sections 18 and 35(n) of the Clean Energy Act, allows government to set out prescribed undertakings which utilities may choose to carry out to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while recovering the costs in rates.
Regulatory changes to the Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Clean Energy) Regulation allowing hydrogen and renewable fuels expansion in the natural gas system. Targeting that 15% of natural gas consumption be provided by renewable sources by 2030.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The carbon tax applies to the purchase and use of fossil fuels and covers approximately 70% of provincial greenhouse gas emissions. The Province has committed to meeting or exceeding the federal carbon price backstop of $170/tonne by 2030. Revenues are recycled to provide carbon tax relief, maintain industry competitiveness, and support green initiatives.
Instrument:
Emissions price
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
$234M in provincial and federal funding committed for the CleanBC Communities Fund (CCF), which is part of the federal Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program. The CCF provides cost sharing for infrastructure investments for public use that improve capacity or renewable energy and clean energy transportation, increase clean energy generation, and increase energy efficiency in buildings. Applications may come from local governments, on and off-reserve Indigenous recipients, not-for-profit organizations, and for profit entities. Funding varies by applicant type.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
The CleanBC Go Electric Public Charger Program is a sub-program of the CleanBC Go Electric Program and is intended to increase the number of public Direct Current Fast Charger (DCFC) stations throughout B.C. to support the growing number of ZEVs on the road
Target of 10,000 publicly available) electric vehicle charging stations across the province by 2030. There are currently over 2,399 Level 2 and 720 fast-charging stations that are publicly available.
Priority in latest intake given to rural, northern, and Indigenous communities.
The 2024 provincial budget provided $30 million to add more than 500 public charging stations through funding of up to $80,000 per charger. $1.6 million annual funding to build and maintain electric vehicle charging stations at rest areas on Provincial highways.
You need to be pre-approved for a rebate before buying your EV. If your application is approved, you have a year to use your rebate. After a year, your approval for a rebate expires and you need to re-apply. Individuals can only get a rebate once during the lifetime of the passenger vehicle rebate program. If you got a rebate any time after the program started in 2015, you are not eligible to get another.
The CleanBC Go Electric Fleets program is intended to support public and private fleets transition to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). For a limited time, funding from Natural Resources Canada’s Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure program is incorporated into the Go Electric Fleets program to increase rebates for charging infrastructure.
The program takes a multi-pronged approach to address various barriers to ZEV adoption in fleets by offering financial and technical support through the following:
Up to 40 hours of ZEV Fleet Advisor Services;
Up to $50,000 in rebates for telematics tools and a ZEV Fleet Assessment;
Up to $5,000 in rebates for Facility Planning Assessments;
Up to $20,000 in rebates for electrical infrastructure upgrades to support fleet EV charging;
For a limited time, up to $5,000 in rebates for the purchase and installation of Level 2 charging stations (otherwise, up to $2,000);
For a limited time, up to $75,000 in rebates for the purchase and installation of Fast chargers (otherwise, up to $50,000);
Training sessions and webinars; and
Resources and tools via the West Coast Electric Fleets Toolkit.
Rebates are available to B.C.-registered companies, Indigenous and local governments, and public sector organizations (B.C. Ministries and Crown Corporations are not eligible) with fleet vehicles.
Additionally, n partnership with the Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (CHFCA), the CleanBC Go Electric program is offering eligible fleet operators up to $8,000 (a maximum of 35%) off the selling price of fuel cell electric vehicle purchases.
Program requirements are:
Applicant must be a business, non-profit or public entity.
Applicant must be a qualified fleet customer with a Fleet Account Number (FAN).
The vehicle must be actively used and remain within the company fleet for a minimum of two years.
The vehicle must be insured and plated in British Columbia for a minimum of two years.
The vehicle cannot be for the sole use of one individual.
The vehicle must be purchased in Canada.
The CleanBC Go Electric Hydrogen Fuelling Infrastructure Program is working to expand the hydrogen fuelling network in B.C., further reducing one of the key barriers to market adoption of hydrogen vehicles: fuelling infrastructure. At the end of 2021, there were four hydrogen fuelling stations operating in the province with two more set to be open in 2022.
By leveraging industry, including automaker investments in fuelling infrastructure, funding is being provided towards the construction or upgrade of hydrogen fuelling stations in the province.
To support the Go Electric Hydrogen Fuelling Infrastructure Program and reduce the barriers associated with installing hydrogen fuelling stations, the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation funded the development of a Hydrogen Station Permitting Guidebook for B.C. This Guidebook is intended as a comprehensive resource to support the development and permitting of hydrogen refuelling station projects.
CleanBC Go Electric Rebates is a sub-program of the CleanBC Go Electric Program and is designed to support the adoption of ZEVs in a variety of applications including motorcycles, low-speed vehicles, electric cargo bikes, utility vehicles, and a variety of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, referred to as specialty-use vehicles. The program targets specialty-use vehicles that are not included in the CleanBC Go Electric Passenger Vehicle Rebate Program.
The Emotive Community Outreach Incentive Program, funded by the Province of British Columbia, offers support and funding to communities and local governments in British Columbia to assist with delivering Emotive electric vehicle (EV) outreach. CleanBC Go Electric Program supports communities and related organizations to deliver public education and awareness campaigns about EVs through the Emotive campaign
Support for B.C.-based businesses, non-profits, local governments, Indigenous communities, and eligible public entities looking to deploy ZEV technology in commercial applications along with supporting infrastructure.
Funding covers up to 1/3 of the total cost of projects. There is $11 million available to support on-road medium and heavy-duty applications, as well as projects in the marine, rail, air, or off-road categories.
Get a rebate of up to 50% (up to $350) to install a Level 2 (240 volt) charging station in your single-family home, duplex, or townhouse with private garage or dedicated parking area.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Funding for all B.C. local governments and Modern Treaty Nations to reduce emissions, build a local clean economy, and prepare for climate impacts. Through Budget 2022, the Province provided $76M over three years (2021-23) for the Local Government Climate Action Program. As part of Budget 2024, the Province provided a one time payment of $72M (2024-26) to communities through the Local Government Climate Action Program.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Revenue sharing and funding of up to $500,000 for initiatives supporting the development of local clean energy and energy efficiency in Indigenous communities.
Instrument:
Consumer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Up to $50,0000 for capacity funding per eligible applicant to support clean energy feasibility studies, community energy planning, engaging with project proponents. Up to $500,000 for equity funding per eligible applicant to support a financially viable and resourced clean energy project with an Energy Purchase Agreement.
Since an initial appropriation to the fund of $5 million in 2011, 50% of land tenure and water license revenues collected by the Province from new and eligible Independent Power Projects (IPPs) generating renewable energy have been deposited into the fund. The program is now self-sustaining.
$13.8 million awarded to support renewable electricity generation through the Renewable Energy for Remote Communities program, to support the CleanBC goal of reduced diesel consumption in remote communities.
Announcement of plans for the BC Utilities Commission to invest $260 million from 2021-2026 in efforts to advance electrification, including promoting fuel switching and attracting new customers. $190 million in funding will promote electricity fuel switching and $50 million will attract new customers.
Announced in 2021, these carbon pollution standards will be added to the BC Building Code. These standards will begin on a voluntary basis in collaboration with local governments, and then to be phased in as mandatory provincial regulations after 2023. These standards will be performance based with various compliance pathways such as options for electrification, utilizing low carbon fuels (such as renewable natural gas) or implementing low carbon district energy.
Performance standard introduced in 2008 to reduce carbon intensity of fuels used in British Columbia. This regulation requires a decrease in average carbon intensity of transportation fuels by 9.1% by 2020 and by 20% by 2030 relative to 2010. In 2021, the Province announced plans to raise the 2030 target to 30%, and to expand the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) to cover marine and aviation fuels beginning in 2023. The regulation establishes carbon intensity targets that can be met with a flexible compliance pathway allowing trading of fuel credits so that fuel suppliers can acquire credits generated from fuelling electric vehicles. Also establishes minimum renewable content requirements currently set at 5% annual average renewable content in gasoline and 4% renewable content in diesel. Standard is made up of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction (Renewable & Low Carbon Fuel Requirements) Act and the Renewable & Low Carbon Fuel Requirements Regulation.
The 2023 Low Carbon Fuels Act proposes to expand coverage to aviation and marine fuels, require revenue reinvestment for some utilities, and enable broader participation in the LCFS’ credit market. Facilities that directly capture and sequester carbon dioxide will also become eligible to earn compliance credits.
Under the Zero-Emission Vehicles Act (2019), the Government of British Columbia legislated zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) sales targets for all new light-duty vehicles. The legal targets are 26% of new vehicle sales by 2026, 90% by 2030 and 100% by 2035. A compliance mechanism allows trading of credits among suppliers. Targets are to be developed for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. In November 2023, British Columbia adopted amendments to the Zero-emission Vehicles Act that revised the sales targets and brought forward the final target from 2040 to 2035.
Combustion emissions from new light-duty vehicles. This mandate does not yet apply to medium- and heavy-duty vehicles.
In 2022 amendments were made to what is now the Energy Resource Activities Act articulating the rights of the Province to manage the use of pore space, and expanding the regulator's oversight to include storage of carbon dioxide from non-oil and gas activities In 2023 further amendments to the Petroleum and Natural Gas Act (PNGA) and the Petroleum and Natural Gas Storage Reservoir Regulation were brought into force to support carbon storage activities. Amendments to the PNGA removed restrictions on who can apply for a storage reservoir licence. The Petroleum and Natural Gas Storage Reservoir Regulation amendments include updating requirements for applications for storage reservoir exploration licences and storage reservoir licences.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The CleanBC Industry Fund supports the development, trial and deployment of projects that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large industrial operations. If your business has emissions over 10,000 tonnes of CO2e per year and submits a GHG report under the Greenhouse Gas Industrial Reporting and Control Act, you may be eligible.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Heavy industry
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Carbon neutral public sector targets under the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Act requiring the provincial government, including provincial ministries and agencies, schools, colleges, universities, health authorities and Crown corporations, to become carbon neutral by 2010 and report annually on actions taken towards carbon neutrality. Public sector operations have been carbon neutral from 2010 to 2021, and public sector emissions in 2021 were approximately 13% lower than 2010.
Instrument:
Regulation
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The ICE Fund is a Special Account, funded through a levy on certain energy sales, designed to support the Province's energy, economic, environmental and greenhouse gas reduction priorities, and to advance B.C.'s clean energy sector.
Since 2008, the ICE Fund has committed approximately $110 million to support pre-commercial clean energy technology projects, clean energy vehicles, research and development, and energy efficiency programs.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Regulation which establishes mechanisms to meet performance standards listed in the Schedule to the GHG Industrial Reporting and Control Act (GGIRCA). Establishes a BC Carbon Registry, which enables the issuance, transfer and retirement of compliance units to be used by regulated operations listed in the Schedule to GGIRCA, voluntary purchasers or the Government of British Columbia. Also establishes the requirements for developing offset projects and issuing emission offset units, which must be independently validated and verified respectively.
Oil and gas sector methane emission reduction targets are: 45% by 2025 relative to 2014, 75% by 2030 relative to 2014 and near elimination by 2035. Regulations addressing primary sources of methane emissions in upstream oil and gas came into effect in January 2020.
The Clean Infrastructure Royalty Credit Program (CIRCP) advances clean technologies and solutions for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to the development and production of British Columbia’s oil and natural gas resources. CIRCP includes two categories: reducing vented GHG (largely methane) emissions and reducing emissions through electrification. Projects that reduce vented GHG emissions include equipment retrofits, replacements, and conversions of high-bleed to low-bleed pneumatic conversions, instrument gas to instrument air conversions, pump conversions, and vent gas capture projects. Projects that reduce emissions through electrification include greenfield electrification, and retrofitting, of oil and gas equipment and facilities, such as wellpads, wellsite compressors and other equipment.
The program will cost-share the purchase and installation of fuel-saving equipment for heavy-duty vehicles with qualified companies, as well as educate the industry about driving practices that significantly reduce fuel usage and related GHG emissions. This will result in cost savings for operators and drivers in the sector.
Rebates of up to 50%, to a maximum of $15,000 per vehicle or $100,000 per fleet for eligible equipment that improves fuel efficiency and reduces emissions. Also provides training on developing a Fuel Management Program for fleets to improve fuel economy via behavioural or equipment changes.
The Province of British Columbia has committed $3.5 million to Year-four of the Program that will run from August 12, 2022, to August 31, 2023, or until the funds are fully allocated, whichever comes first.
Announced in 2019 Clean BC Plan. Goal of making vehicles run cleaner by increasing tailpipe emissions standards for vehicles sold after 2025.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released the following rule, which will automatically apply in Canada, require automakers to reduce tailpipe emissions and improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicles they make, including by selling more electric vehicles:
- applies to light-duty and medium-duty vehicles starting with model year 2027
- these standards will phase in over model years 2027 through 2032.
Starting June 1, 2023, BC residents can get a rebate when they buy a new electric bike. By basing the rebate amount on income, we can make e-bikes a clean transportation choice that is more affordable and accessible for everyone.
This program supports the Province’s CleanBC goals by encouraging a mode shift towards active transportation and public transit. E-bikes greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and offer a convenient alternative to replacing motor vehicle trips. E-bikes provide greater speed, convenience, and accessibility than non-assisted pedal bicycles.
$18 million in Budget 2021 towards active transportation infrastructure, and an additional $16 million for active transportation projects in the StrongerBC Economic Recovery Plan. The Active Transportation Infrastructure Grants program has two funding streams that provide cost sharing opportunities for network planning grants and infrastructure grants for investments made by Indigenous and local government investments in active transportation. Eligible funding varies by applicant and funding stream, up to a maximum of $500,000. Since 2020, 20 million $ funding is provided annually.
Of its funding, $48 million was provided between the 2021 and 2022 provincial budgets, $100 million in the 2023 provincial budget, and $24 million in the 2024 provincial budget.
Regulations establishing criteria for landfill gas capture from municipal solid waste facilities. Owners or operators of regulated landfill sites must prepare an initial landfill gas generation assessment and report. For landfill sites estimated to generate at least 1,000 tonnes of methane in a calendar year, a landfill gas facilities design plan must be prepared that identifies plans to optimise landfill gas management. CleanBC had pledged to capture 75% of landfill gas, although this is not legislated.
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
In partnership with Canada, BC is establishing the Centre for Innovation and Clean Energy which will focus on: Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage; production, use and distribution of low carbon hydrogen; biofuels and synthetic fuels; renewable natural gas; and battery technology, storage and energy management systems.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
The Province of British Columbia has set emission reduction targets for the transportation sector of 27-32% below 2007 levels by 2030. This presents the proposed elements of the medium- and heavy-duty zero-emission vehicle regulated requirements that are under consideration.
Explicit funding breakdown not mentioned: "In addition, the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation (Ministry) recently announced $19.5 million in funding for MHD ZEV charging stations, and $30 million to support made-in-BC MHD ZEV technology development under the Go Electric Commercial Vehicle Innovation Challenge."
Efficiency; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
British Columbia introduced a new Output-Based Pricing System to price carbon emissions from large emitters on 1 April 2024. This system replaces the previous carbon pricing system for large emitters, the CleanBC Industrial Incentive Program, which had been in place since 2019. The BC OBPS operates according to similar principles as the federal OBPS, by requiring industrial facilities to meet a performance standard for emissions intensity. The B.C. OBPS is enacted through recent amendments made in February 2024 to the Greenhouse Gas Industrial Reporting and Control Act (GGIRCA) and its regulations.
Facilities that out-perform the standard can earn tradable credits, while those that underperform must obtain credits from other facilities or from the government, or by buying offsets. Proceeds from the BC OBPS are mostly recycled to facilities for decarbonization projects through the CleanBC Industry Fund. Instead of paying the carbon tax on fuels and combustibles that they use or burn, industrial facilities in the system will face a separate carbon price on the portion of their emissions that are above a product-specific emissions limit.
The BC OBPS is mandatory for facilities with emissions of at least 10 kt CO2e annually, except energy utilities, greenhouse growers, and facilities in the waste management or remediation sectors. Facilities in other sectors that have lower emissions can opt-in.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Sector
Region:
British Columbia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
The BMP program provides cost-share funding to producers to cover equipment purchases, energy/greenhouse gases projects, irrigation projects, construction projects, riparian projects and water projects, and more.
Eligible projects include:
Air quality control
Emissions control
Environmental impacts
Soil and riparian integrity
Waste management
Water quality
Eligibility criteria apply and the type and nature of practices available for incentive funding is subject to annual review.
Changes included: no more incentives for conventional gas equipment (save exceptions); set price for avoided cost of gas as RNG price; define Indigenous and low-income separately and encourages DSM for both by requiring cost-effectiveness at portfolio-level, not for each program or measure; increased income threshold for low income.
Program offering incentives for energy efficiency measures in commercial and industrial buildings. The Better Buildings program provides incentives for commercial buildings including: support for upgrades, support for heating equipment conversions, low-interest financing and ISO 50001 incentive (co-managed with federal government), and implementation of energy management systems in industrial facilities.
Prioritize Greenhouse Gas Reductions: Requires the BCUC to give relative priority to BC greenhouse gas emissions reductions when it reviews and approves public utility long-term resource plans, investments requiring a certificate of convenience and necessity (CPCN), expenditures, and supply contracts .
Increase Clean and Renewable Energy Targets: Increases the target for clean or renewable electricity generation in the integrated grid from 93 per cent to 100 per cent by 2030.
Add three new energy objectives:
• Ensure BC Hydro rates are stable and predictable year-to-year for British Columbians.
• Ensure that BC Hydro rates do not increase above cumulative inflation (with the benchmark year being 2017).
• Ensure that BC Hydro is prepared to acquire sufficient electricity to achieve the climate targets
The Clean Growth Infrastructure Royalty Program (CGIRP) is part of the Province’s comprehensive CleanBC plan for climate action, clean energy and sustainable economic growth. It is a targeted royalty program that provides oil and gas companies with royalty deductions in exchange for industry investment in emission reduction and electrification projects, as well as value-added, road and pipeline infrastructure. CGIRP includes two submission categories: Growth and Sustainability. The Growth category includes value-added infrastructure projects, including innovative water infrastructure that reduces fresh water use and promotes recycling and clean-up of water, as well as road or pipeline infrastructure that can reduce vehicle use. The Sustainability category includes new industry investment in electrification infrastructure and emissions reduction infrastructure. Both categories support British Columbia upstream natural gas sector competitiveness.
The CER would regulate emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from electricity generating units that meet all of the following criteria:
Combust any amount of fossil fuel for the purpose of generating electricity;
Have a capacity above a small megawatt (MW) threshold (value to be determined); and
Offer electricity for sale onto a regulated electricity system.
Proposed emissions standard
The CER would establish an emissions performance standard having an intensity form (i.e., t/GWh). It would be set at a stringent, near-zero value in line with direct emissions from well-performing, low-emitting generation such as, geothermal or combined cycle natural gas with CCS.
A regulated unit would be prohibited from operating when its quantified emissions performance exceeds the applicable standard over a period of time.
Any residual emissions below the standard would be subject to financial compliance requirements, such as offset purchases.
The proposed Regulations would apply to any unit that meets the three following criteria:
Uses any amount of fossil fuels to generate electricity;
Has a capacity of 25 MW or greater; and
Is connected to an electricity system that is subject to North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standards (NERC-regulated electricity system).
Registration
The proposed Regulations would require all units that meet the applicability criteria to register with the Minister of the Environment by the end of 2025 or, for units commissioned after January 1, 2025, within 60 days of commissioning.
Emission performance standards
The 30 t/GWh annual average performance standard would apply starting on
January 1, 2035, for units that combust coal or petroleum coke;
January 1, 2035, for any unit commissioned on or after January 1, 2025;
January 1, 2035, for a unit that has increased its electricity generation capacity by 10% or more since registration of the unit;
On the latter of January 1, 2035, or January 1 of the calendar year in which the prohibition set out in subsection 4(2) of the Regulations Limiting Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Natural Gas-fired Generation of Electricityfootnote19 begins to apply to a “significantly modified” unit, which is one that has ceased burning coal; or
For any other unit, the latter of January 1, 2035, or 20 years after its commissioning date.
Only units that are net exporters in a given calendar year are subject to the performance standard in that year. Net exporters generate electricity that is supplied to and in some cases, demand electricity from an electricity system regulated by NERC standards. Therefore, the performance standard would only apply to those units that supply more electricity to a NERC-regulated electricity system than they demand from it.
Through low-cost financing and risk balancing, CIB helps address gaps in the capital structure of projects such as renewables, district energy systems, energy storage and more.
Building Retrofits Initiative (BRI) provides financing for energy retrofits projects. The Initiative invests in the decarbonization of building and provides attractive financing to reduce investment barriers and drive carbon savings.
The Deep Retrofit Accelerator Initiative (DRAI) provides funding to organizations (i.e. “retrofit accelerators”) that help building owners in the development of deep retrofits in commercial, institutional, and mid- or high-rise multi-unit residential buildings in Canada, and that drive market transformation in a given region or market segment. $200 million over five years, starting 2022/23, to Natural Resources Canada to create the Deep Retrofit Accelerator Initiative. The initiative will provide support for retrofit audits and project management for large projects to accelerate pace of deep retrofits in Canada. Focus on low-income affordable housing.
RD&D projects will accelerate the development and adoption of net-zero-energy-ready codes and cleaner technologies to promote
highly energy-efficient building design and construction practices, provide cost-effective building solutions, and validate their applications with
real-world demonstrations. As of 2021–22, the Infrastructure Energy Efficient Buildings Research, Development and Demonstration Program is supporting 18 RD&D
projects
A number of energy efficiency measures have been outlined under the Green Infrastructure stream, as part of the Investing in Canada Plan.
These actions include: the development of net-zero energy ready model building codes; the development of a new model code for building
alterations by 2022; and joint efforts between the federal, provincial and territorial governments to require labelling of building energy use.
$182 million to increase energy efficiency and address climate change by improving how homes and buildings are designed, renovated, and constructed. $48.4 millions will support the development/implementation of building codes for existing buildings and new net-zero energy-ready buildings though research, development, and demonstration initiatives.
With the goal of using 100% clean electricity in federal buildings by 2025. The Federal Government is engaging in purchase agreements with clean electricity producers and purchasing RECs. $14.9 million of funding "over 4 years, starting in 2022-23, with $77.9 million in future years, to Public Services and Procurement Canada for a Federal Clean Electricity Fund to purchase renewable energy certificates for all federal government buildings" in pursuit of the federal government's targets to have all federal buildings powered by 100 percent clean electricity by 2022.
To help tackle emissions from community buildings across Canada—including community centres, sport facilities, and cultural spaces—the Government launched the Green and Inclusive Community Buildings program. This program commits $1.5 billion in projects that improve energy efficiency through retrofits, repairs or upgrades, and new builds, 10 percent of which is reserved for projects benefiting Indigenous communities.
$183.2 million over seven years, starting 2022/23, with $8.5 million in remaining amortization, and $7.1 million to the National Research Council to conduct research on national housing and building standards to encourage low-carbon construction solutions.
This program helps homeowners complete deep home retrofits through interest-free loans worth up to $40,000. In combination with available grants (through Natural Resources Canada Greener Homes Grant Program), this will help eligible participants make deeper, more costly retrofits that have the biggest impact in reducing a home’s environmental footprint and energy bills. $4.4 billion on a cash basis to create the Canada Greener Homes Loan Program (2021). Portion will be used to make existing affordable housing more efficient, which will help lower energy bills. Additional $458.5 million over program duration, starting 2022/23, to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation to provide lower-interest loans and grants to low-income housing providers (2022).
Focusing on clusters of low-rise housing, the Greener Neighbourhoods Pilot Program (GNPP) seeks to pilot the Energiesprong aggregated deep energy retrofit model in the Canadian market. This model, developed by the Netherlands and adopted by the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the United States, accelerates the pace and scale of retrofits by aggregating similar homes and buildings in an entire neighbourhood to create mass demand for deep energy retrofits. This scale of project and similarity of buildings can leverage new retrofit approaches such as the use of prefabricated exterior panels to reduce on-site labour time and overall project costs, while reducing the energy use intensity and emissions from each retrofitted building.
$33.2 million over five years, starting 2022/23, to Natural Resources Canada, including $6 millions from the Green Infrastructure - Energy Efficient Buildings Program to implement a Greener Neighbourhoods Pilot Program in up to six community housing neighbourhoods to pilot the “Energiesprong” model in Canada.
Extend the 50% reduction of the general corporate and small business income tax rates for zero-emission technology manufacturer to include manufacturers of air-source heat pumps.
Developers who build highly affordable and energy efficient units will be eligible to have a portion of their repayable loans converted to non-repayable loans.
$250 million investment for the Oil to Heat Pump Affordability (OHPA) Grant, a new stream to add to the existing Canada Greener Homes Initiative. This program will help tens of thousands of households move to affordable, reliable electric heat pumps instead of expensive home heating oil. The OHPA Grant builds on $250 million announced in September, 2022, by Minister Guilbeault to make home heating more affordable – and cut pollution – by helping households move to electric heat pumps.
The funding for this program is made available through the Low Carbon Economy Fund. It provides grants for payments of up to $10,000 to install a heat pump that replaces a home heating oil system. An additional $5,000 payment is available in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Prince Edward Island, where the program is co-delivered with provincial governments. A one-time incentive payment of $250 is available to low-to-median income households in these three jurisdictions.
$250 million over four years, starting in 2022/23, to Natural Resources Canada to support pre-development activities of clean electricity projects of national significance. Projects include inter-provincial electricity transmission projects and small modular reactors. The federal government is already advancing similar work on the Atlantic Loop and Prairie Link projects.
$25 million to support Strategic Interties Predevelopment Program to allow regions to distribute abundant non-emitting power to regions with more emissions-intensive grids. Budget 2021 proposed an investment of $40.4 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to support feasibility and planning of hydroelectricity and grid interconnection projects in the North.
Phase-out of traditional, unabated coal-fired electricity by 2030 through The Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Coal-fired Generation of Electricity Generation Regulations. These regulations are intended to compliment regulations reducing emissions from natural gas generators as The Regulations Limiting Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Natural Gas-fired Generation of Electricity limits emissions from electricity generation from combustion of natural gas alone or with fuels, except with coal.
Regulations limiting the amount of CO2 emissions resulting from natural gas-fired generation of electricity. These regulations apply to the combustion of natural gas alone, or in conjunction with other fuels, except in conjunction with coal.
$964 million over four years invested in renewable electricity generation. Additional $600 million will be invested in renewable electricity and grid modernization and $250 million to support large clean electricity projects. Budget 2023 proposes to provide $3.0 billion over 13 years, starting in 2023-24, to Natural Resources Canada to: Recapitalize funding for the Smart Renewables and Electrification Pathways Program to support critical regional priorities and Indigenous-led projects, and add transmission projects to the program's eligibility". From Budget 2023.
This program promotes energy management practices in the industrial sector. This includes financial support for certification to the ISO50001 standard and other industrial energy management approaches, as well as capacity building programs such as ENERGY STAR for Industry (certification and challenge) and the Canada Industry Partnership for Energy Conservation (CIPEC) network.
Re-capitalized with $194 million over five years, starting in 2022/23, to Natural Resources Canada to expand the Industrial Energy Management System program. Investment will support ISO 50001 certification, energy managers, cohort-based training, audits, and energy efficiency-focused retrofits for key small-to-moderate projects that fill a gap in the federal suite of industrial programming.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Output-Based Pricing System (OBPS), established under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, is a regulatory emissions trading system for industry. The system sets output-based standards (emissions per unit of production) for industrial activities. Facilities that emit above these standards must provide compensation in the form of paying the carbon price or eligible compliance units, including eligible offset credits. Facilities that emit below the standards receive surplus credits that they can sell or bank for future use.
The federal OBPS is a backstop policy that applies in provinces and territories that choose the federal system or that don't implement a system that meets national minimum stringency standards (the benchmark). The federal OBPS currently applies in Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, Yukon and Nunavut. The OBPS carbon price increases in-line with the minimum national carbon price schedule, which will annually increase by $15/tCO2e until it reaches $170/tCO2e in 2030. Most sectoral OBPS output-based standards annually increase in stringency by 2 percentage points starting in 2023. Proceeds from the OBPS are returned to the jurisdiction of origin to support industrial projects to cut emissions and use new cleaner technologies and processes.
All OBPS proceeds are returned to their jurisdiction of origin. Because Nunavut, PEI, and Yukon requested the federal OBPS, these governments receive the proceeds directly to disburse as they wish. In other jurisdictions, proceeds are returned through the OBPS Proceeds Fund. It has two streams: the Decarbonization Incentive Program (DIP) and the Future Electricity Fund (FEF). The DIP is a merit-based application program funding investments in technology and projects to reduce emissions in facilities regulated by the federal OBPS. The FEF returns money to the electricity sector via programs or clean electricity projects at facilities covered by the federal OBPS.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
The federal fuel charge, established under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, is a regulatory charge on fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas. As of April 1, 2024, the charge is $80/tCO2e, and will be annually increased by $15/tCO2e after 2022 until the tax reaches $170/tCO2e in 2030. The federal fuel charge applies to all jurisdictions that do not have a similarly-stringent provincial carbon pricing system. As of July 2023 those provinces and territories were Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, and Yukon.
The federal government returns fuel charge proceeds to their jurisdiction of origin through various programs. Proceeds from Nunavut and Yukon are returned directly to the territorial governments. In all other jurisdictions, more than 90 per cent of fuel charge proceeds are returned to households through quarterly Canada Carbon Rebate payments. The federal government will rebate approximately 5 per cent of proceeds to small- and medium-sized enterprises, and 2 per cent to Indigenous peoples through co-developed programming. Farmers can apply for a separate tax credit that rebates a portion of their fuel charge costs. Other programs previously existed to return fuel charge proceeds.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
There are two parts to the existing Low Carbon Economy Fund (LCEF): the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund and the Low Carbon Economy Challenge. The Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund is providing up to $1.4 billion to provinces and territories in Canada. The
funding helps deliver on provincial and territorial priorities to reduce carbon pollution and contribute to meeting and exceeding Canada’s 2030 climate target. The approximately $500 million Low Carbon Economy Challenge is open to a wide range of applicants from across the country who are adopting climate solutions. The fund supports projects that leverage ingenuity to reduce GHG emissions and generate clean growth
in Canada.
Budget 2022 gave $2.2 billion over seven years, starting in 2022/23, to Environment and Climate Change Canada to expand and extend the Low Carbon Economy Fund. The LCEF support projects that help reduce Canada's GHG emissions, generate clean growth, build resilient communities, and create good jobs for Canadians.
The additional funding from Budget 2022 for the program added two new streams: The Indigenous Leadership Fund and the Implementation Readiness Fund
LCEF currently has four streams:
Low Carbon Economy Challenge supports the use of proven, low-carbon technologies to reduce GHG emissions
Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund supports provinces and territories to help them deliver on commitments to reduce GHG emissions
Indigenous Leadership Fund supports clean energy and energy efficiency projects led by First Nations, Inuit, and Métis governments, communities, and organizations
Implementation Readiness Fund supports activities and investments that increase the readiness of GHG emissions reduction projects
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy; Producer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
$500 million in funding for GHG emission-reducing projects. Recipients include provinces, territories, businesses, municipalities, not-for-profits, and Indigenous communities and organization.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
$1.4 billion to provinces and territories that have adopted the Framework to reduce emissions, build resilient communities, and generate good jobs for Canadian.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Government of Canada, through Budget 2017, allocated $53.5 million over ten years and $5.4 million ongoing to continue the Northern Responsible Energy Approach for Community Heat and Electricity Program (Northern REACHE) to reduce reliance on diesel for heat and
electricity in rural and remote Indigenous communities. Budget 2021 invested an additional $300 million over five years to advance the Government’s commitment to ensure that rural, remote and Indigenous communities that currently rely on diesel have the opportunity to be powered by clean, reliable energy by 2030. This funding will be delivered jointly through the Northern REACHE Program and Natural Resources Canada’s Clean Energy and Rural and Remote Community Program through a new Indigenous and Remote Communities Clean Energy Hub. Northern REACHE will deliver $60 million of the $300 million. Budget 2021 also committed $40.4 million over three years, starting in 2021-22, to support feasibility and planning of hydroelectricity and grid interconnection projects in the North. This funding will be delivered by Northern REACHE. As of March 2022 the program has funded 140 projects to reduce reliance on diesel including: energy efficiency, renewable energy, and capacity building projects.
This initiative, newly gifted the name Wah-ila-toos in a traditional naming ceremony, is a partnership between Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) and Indigenous Services Canada (ISC), with support from Infrastructure Canada, and Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Class
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Canada's SMR Action Plan was launched in December 2020, in partnership with provinces and territories, Indigenous Peoples and communities, power utilities, industry, innovators, laboratories, academia, and civil society. Since its launch, the SMR Action Plan includes 119 members – that have committed to over 500 concrete actions, including 27 Government of Canada actions. The Deputy Minister of Natural Resources Canada chaired the inaugural meeting of the SMR Leadership Table in April 2022, in response to a recommendation made in Canada’s 2018 SMR Roadmap and actions committed to by the Government of Canada in the SMR Action Plan. Since then, SMR Leadership Table has continued to function as a convening body. The second meeting, co-chaired by the Associate Deputy
Minister of Natural Resources Canada and the Indigenous Advisory Council, was held in October 2022. The first ever SMR Leadership Table progress update was also publicly published in October 2022.
$120.6 million over five years, starting in 2022/23, and $0.5 million ongoing as follows: $69.9 million for Natural Resources Canada to undertake research to minimize waste generated from reactors, support the creation of a fuel supply chain, strengthen international nuclear cooperation agreements, and enhance domestic safety and security policies and practices, and $50.7 million and $0.5 million ongoing, for the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission to build the capacity to regulate small modular reactors and work with international partners on global regulatory harmonization.
The Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities (CERRC) program provides funding for renewable energy and capacity building projects and related energy efficiency measures in Indigenous, rural and remote communities across Canada. The program is working to reduce the use of fossil fuels for heating and electricity by increasing the use of local renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. This creates environmental, social and economic benefits to support healthier and more sustainable communities. Investing in clean energy solutions in Indigenous communities is a small but important link to energy security, reconciliation, self-determination and economic development for Indigenous Peoples.
$40.4 million of funding over three years, starting in 2021-22, to "support feasibility and planning of hydroelectricity and grid interconnection projects in the North. This funding could advance projects, such as the Atlin Hydro Expansion Project in Yukon and the Kivalliq HydroFibre Link Project in Nunavut. Projects will provide clean power to northern communities and help reduce emissions from mining projects".
$36 million of funding over three years, starting in 2021-22, through "the Strategic Partnerships Initiative, to build capacity for local, economically-sustainable clean energy projects in First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities and support economic development opportunities".
$25 million of funding, in 2021-22, "to the Government of Yukon to support its climate change priorities, in collaboration with Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada".
$32.3 million investment over two years, starting in 2022/23, from the expanded Low Carbon Economy Fund to support the Atlin Hydro Expansion project in British Columbia, which will provide clean electricity to the Yukon and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The federal government has previously committed $83.9 million to this project.
The Canada Infrastructure Bank will invest $500 million in large-scale ZEV charging and refueling infrastructure that is revenue-generating
and in the public interest. will provide financing to the private sector structured to share in charging and refueling infrastructure use risk by aligning repayment with use levels. If use does not reach certain agreed levels, then required repayments will be proportionally lower. Conversely, in circumstances where asset use levels exceed expectations the CIB’s return will increase proportionally. The financing structure is intended to address the uncertainty of ZEV adoption rates faced by developers and investors, so they can invest in charging and refuelling infrastructure with confidence.
The CIB’s proposed financing will be available as a credit facility based on a qualifying network implementation plan. The CIB is coordinating with Natural Resources Canada under their existing Zero-Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program to maximize the effectiveness of the federal government’s contribution to charging infrastructure. Implementations supported by the CIB will also remain eligible for NRCan funding to the extent required for the project to remain commercially viable.
The Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP) provides funding towards the deployment of electric vehicle (EV) chargers and hydrogen refuelling stations across Canada. This $680 million initiative addresses a key barrier to the adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEV)—the lack of charging and refuelling stations in Canada—by increasing the availability of localized charging and hydrogen refuelling opportunities where Canadians live, work, and play. This is administered through three key funding streams and is available until 2027." (From ZEVIP web page)
The regulations establish progressively stringent GHG standards for new passenger automobiles and light trucks manufactured or imported into Canada for model years 2017 to 2025. These standards and test procedures are intended to be aligned with the federal requirements of the United States. This regulation is still in development. The Government of Canada is expected to align its vehicle emissions standards with the United States (as it has historically done). The US regulations are still under development.
The amendments to the Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engines Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations were published on May 30, 2018. These regulations apply increasingly stringent GHG emissions standards to new on-road heavy-duty vehicles and engines imported or manufactured in Canada starting with model year 2021. Further, the regulations introduce new GHG emission standards that apply to trailers hauled by onroad transport tractors imported or manufactured in Canada for 2020. The trailer standards are suspended until April 19, 2023, due to legal challenges in the United States. The Regulatory Impact Analysis Statement accompanying the regulations indicates $1.6 billion in benefits from fuel savings in 2030.
Announced in draft form on December 21, 2022, the Standard applies to light-duty vehicles (passenger cars, SUVs, and light trucks). These vehicles account for about half of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, while the transportation sector overall accounts for about 25 percent of Canada’s overall greenhouse gas emissions.
Under the new Electric Vehicle Availability Standard, auto manufacturers and importers must meet annual zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) regulated sales targets. The targets begin for the 2026 model year, with a requirement that at least 20 percent of new light-duty vehicles offered for sale in that year be ZEVs. The requirements increase annually to 60 percent by 2030 and 100 percent for 2035.
These regulations would require automakers and importers to ensure that a minimum share of their vehicle sales are zero-emission vehicles. Covered entities earn tradeable credits based on the number of vehicles they sell.
Entities can also earn credits from early action, and until 2030, they can earn and use credits for each $20,000 invested in electric vehicle fast chargers that meet certain conditions. Early action and infrastructure credits cannot be used for more than 10% of compliance.
The draft regulations propose annual sales targets for light-duty vehicles, including at least 20% by 2026, 60% by 2030 and 100% in 2035.
The Government of Canada introduced draft regulations in December 2022 and published the final version on December 20, 2023. The Electric Vehicle Availability Standard forms part of the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations
This is a Green Infrastructure program under the Investing in Canada Plan. The $200 million Emerging Renewable Power Program was launched in February 2018 to support the deployment of emerging renewable energy technologies and to expand the portfolio of
commercially viable renewable energy sources available to provinces and territories as they work to reduce GHG emissions from their electricity sectors. The call for proposals launched on February 26, 2018 and closed on April 20, 2018. Six projects have since been
announced; with $29.8 million funding for an instream tidal project in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, $25.6 million for a deep geothermal project near Estevan, Saskatchewan, $15.3 million for a solar project near Suffield, Alberta, $25.4 million for a deep geothermal project in the
Municipal District of Greenview, $28.5 million for a floating tidal project in Grand Passage, Nova Scotia, and $40.5 million for a geothermal project in northeastern British Columbia near Fort Nelson First Nation.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Performance-based fuel supply standard requiring primary suppliers (i.e. producers and importers) of gasoline and diesel to reduce the lifecycle carbon intensity (CI) of their fuels from 2016 CI levels by 3.5 gCO2e/MJ in 2023, increasing to 14 gCO2e/MJ in 2030.
The Clean Fuel Regulations (CFR) also creates a credit-based compliance market which allows regulated liquid fuel suppliers and voluntary credit generators to trade compliance credits. At the end of each compliance period, regulated suppliers must present sufficient credits to comply with the emission reduction requirement. Credits can be produced by:
• Reducing GHG emissions from liquid fossil fuels throughout their lifecycle,
• Supplying low-carbon fuels (i.e. blending low carbon fuels such as ethanol into gasoline), and/or
• Supplying fuel and energy to advanced vehicle technologies.
Emissions reduction requirements will increase by 1.5 gCO2e/MJ each year (reaching 14 gCO2e/MJ in 2030). The Clean Fuel Regulations came into force in June 2022. The annual lifecycle Cl reduction requirements for gasoline and diesel started on July 1, 2023.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Sector
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Transportation
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
$1.5 billion over five years to establish a Clean Fuels Fund that will de-risk the capital investment required to build new or expand existing clean fuel production facilities (including facility conversions).
$67.4 million of funding "over seven years, starting in 2021-22, with $5.6 million in remaining amortization and $10.7 million ongoing, for Measurement Canada to ensure that commercial transactions of low-carbon fuels are measured accurately just as they are for conventional fuels.
Budget 2024 reprofiled some of the original funding and extended the program by four years until 2029-30. In the budget, the federal government indicated that $776.3 million in funding would be available to be deployed from 2024-25 to 2029-30.
In order to encourage the adoption of medium- and heavy-duty ZEVs by Canadian businesses, the Government of Canada launched the Incentives for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero-Emission Vehicles (iMHZEV) Program in July of 2022. The iMHZEV Program offers point-of sale incentives for Canadian organizations and businesses (subject to funding availability) who buy or lease an eligible MHZEV. They are providing $5,000-200,000 per vehicle (high end is for coach bus or Fuel Cell EV.) The program provides incentives of up to $200,000 for the purchase of battery-electric, plug-in hybrid electric, or fuel cell electric medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. Eligible organizations can receive up to 10 incentives or a maximum of $1,000,000 per year. The program was initially funded with $547.5 million over four years, or until funding is exhausted.
The Government of Canada launched the Incentives for Zero-Emission Vehicles (iZEV) Program in May 2019, offering incentives of up to $5,000 for purchasing/leasing an eligible zero-emission vehicle (new battery electric or long-range plug-in hybrid vehicle), or $2,500 for a shorter-range plug-in hybrid vehicle. In Budget 2022, an additional $1.7 billion was provided to extend and expand the program for an additional three years. As of October 31, 2022, over 175,000 Canadians and Canadian businesses have taken advantage of this program. Eligibility under the program will also be broadened to support the purchase of more vehicle models, including more vans, trucks, and SUVs, which will help make ZEVs more affordable. Rebate of up to $5000 to offset the purchase price of a ZEV. Budget 2024 provided an additional $607.9 over two years.
Businesses can receive an up to 100% tax write off when purchasing a zero-emission vehicle through an accelerated capital cost allowance. The tax write off rate declines to 75% in 2024, 25% in 2025, and 0% in 2028.
The program aims to create an enabling environment for the development and adoption of clean technology that will help drive the changes required to achieve a low-carbon economy and promote sustainable growth in Canada's agriculture and agri-food sector.
Adoption Stream objective
The Adoption Stream supports the purchase and installation of commercially available clean technology or equipment upgrades that will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG), fertilizer and methane emissions.
Add that the Adoption Stream will provide non-repayable contributions in the range of $25,000 up to $2 million per project.
The new intake will be more ambitious in terms of reducing GHG emissions and will also emphasize support for measurable fertilizer and methane emission reductions in line with Government of Canada targets. Where possible, project submissions will be prioritized according to higher GHG, fertilizer or methane emission reductions.
The Research and Innovation Stream will support pre-market innovation, including research, development, demonstration and commercialization activities, to develop transformative clean technologies and enable the expansion of current technologies, in 3 priority areas:
Green energy and energy efficiency
Precision agriculture
Bioeconomy
Eligible activities under the Research and Innovation Stream are of the following nature and type:
Applied research and development of clean technologies
Piloting and evaluating clean technologies
Demonstration and knowledge and technology transfer activities
Commercializing and scaling up clean technologies
Other activities that support the Research and Innovation Stream as determined by the program
Support is available in the form of repayable and non-repayable contributions from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
The Agricultural Climate Solutions: Living Labs Program ($185 million, 2021–2031) aims to establish a strong, Canada-wide network of living labs. Through these living labs, regional leaders will bring together farmers, scientists, and other sector partners to co-develop, test and monitor beneficial management practices on farms to sequester carbon and/or mitigate GHG emissions and enhance climate resiliency.
The Agricultural Climate Solutions: On-Farm Climate Action Fund ($200 million, 2021–2024) aims to support farmers in adopting beneficial management practices that store carbon and reduce GHGs in three areas: nitrogen management, cover cropping and rotational grazing
practices. An additional $470 million investment was provided in Budget 2022 to expand the program. This funding will allow the program to top-up funding for some current successful applicants, broaden support to additional key climate mitigation practices, extend the program past its current end date of 2023–24, and support adoption of practices that contribute to the fertilizer emissions target and Global Methane Pledge
On February 22, 2022, 12 projects were announced under the Fund, totalling up to $182.7 million.
$100 million to the Research Granting Councils to invest in transformative science for a sustainable farming sector in an uncertain climate and 2050 net-zero economy.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
The Strategic Innovation Fund (SIF), created in 2017, supports large-scale, transformative projects to promote research and development, clean growth, and the advancement of Canada’s innovation ecosystem. SIF is open to all sectors of the Canadian economy, including cleantech projects. The Net-Zero Accelerator, a SIF initiative, was announced in the A Healthy Economy and A Healthy Environment plan in 2020, earmarking $3 billion over five years to rapidly expedite decarbonization projects with large emitters, scale up clean technology, and
accelerate Canada’s industrial transformation across all sectors. Budget 2021 increased funding for the NZA by $5 billion over seven years.
$3 billion over five years for the Net Zero Accelerator, which provides funding for development and adoption of low-carbon technologies in all industrial sectors. Additional $5 billion over seven years for the Net Zero Accelerator.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
$319 million investment over seven years, starting in 2021-22, to fund research, development, and demonstrations to advance the commercial viability of CCUS technologies through the carbon capture, utilization, and storage stream. OERD’s flagship on-going program is funding energy RD&D projects that aim to reduce GHG emissions by 4.25 Mt/year by 2030 while increasing competitiveness, affordability and reliability in Canada’s energy sector.
In addition, up to $319 million over 7 years for CCUS RD&D to advance the commercial viability of CCUS technologies.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
The Climate Action and Awareness Fund (CAAF) will invest up to $206 million over five years to support awareness and capacity building projects that help to reduce Canada’s GHG emissions. The CAAF is designed to support projects that lead to climate action and can create middle class jobs for Canadians who work in science and technology, academia and at the grassroots community level. These projects will help to build a sustainable net-zero emissions economy by 2050. The CAAF has three main priorities: to support youth climate awareness and community-based climate action; to support climate research at Canadian think tanks and in academia; and to advance climate science and technology. The CAAF was created with contributions funded from the Environmental Damages Fund and from the Climate Action Fund.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
The 2022 Fall Economic Statement proposed a refundable tax credit equal to 30 per cent of the capital cost of investments in:
- Electricity Generation Systems, including solar photovoltaic, small modular nuclear reactors, concentrated solar, wind, and water (small hydro, run-of-river, wave, and tidal);
- Stationary Electricity Storage Systems that do not use fossil fuels in their operation, including but not limited to: batteries, flywheels, supercapacitors, magnetic energy storage, compressed air storage, pumped hydro storage, gravity energy storage, and thermal energy storage;
- Low-Carbon Heat Equipment, including active solar heating, air-source heat pumps, and ground-source heat pumps; and,
- Industrial zero-emission vehicles and related charging or refueling equipment, such as hydrogen or electric heavy duty equipment used in mining or construction.
As proposed, the investment tax credit is expected to cost $6.7 billion over five years, starting in 2023-24.
The 2023 Fall Economic Statement expanded eligibility to technologies that produce electricity or electricity and heat from waste biomass. This expansion also applies to the clean electricity investment tax credit. Together, the expanded tax credits will cost an additional $853 million from 2023-24 to 2028-29, and $1.2 billion from 2029-30 to 2034-35.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Technology
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
In Budget 2022, the Government of Canada announced details of an investment tax credit for capital invested in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects to encourage the development and deployment of CCUS technologies. The investment tax credit would be available to CCUS projects that permanently store captured CO2 in dedicated geological storage or in concrete. From 2022 through 2030, the Investment Tax Credit rates would be set at:
• 60 percent for investment in equipment to capture CO2 in direct air capture projects;
• 50 percent for investment in equipment to capture CO2 in other CCUS projects; and
• 37.5 percent for investment in equipment for transportation, storage and use.
The CCUS Investment Tax Credit will help de-risk CCUS investments, drive down costs and encourage wider market adoption of CCUS in Canada
The Fund supports projects that conserve, restore and improve the management of Canada’s vast and globally significant endowment of wetland, peatland, grassland, and forest ecosystems to store and capture carbon.
$60 million over two years, from the Nature Smart Climate Solutions Fund, to target protection of existing wetlands/trees on farms, including through a reverse auction pilot program.
$780 million over five years, starting in 2022-23, to Environment and Climate Change Canada to expand the Nature Smart Climate Solutions Fund.
$100 million over six years, starting in 2022/23, to the federal granting councils to support post-secondary research in developing technologies and crop varieties that enable net-zero emissions agriculture.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC) helps Canadian companies develop and deploy sustainable technologies by delivering critical funding support and promoting the development of a robust Canadian ecosystem that supports innovation. We do this by funding
the development and demonstration of new environmental technologies; fostering and encouraging collaboration among organizations in the private sector, academia, the not-for-profit sector and others to develop and demonstrate new technologies; and promoting the timely
diffusion of new technologies across key economic sectors in Canada. SDTC is a foundation created by the Government of Canada, which announced a $750 million recapitalization of SDTC over 5 years in December 2020 as part of the Strengthened Climate Plan. SDTC has recently modernized its approach to assessing environmental benefits in three sustainability impact areas: climate change; circular economy; and people, communities, and nature. As of March 31, 2022, SDTC has allocated $1.53 billion to support hundreds of Canadian entrepreneurs, leveraging an additional $3.84 billion in public and private sector investment, and an estimated $10.25 billion in follow-on financing for funded companies since its establishment in 2001. For the period April 2021 to March 2022, SDTC-supported technologies generated an estimated 22.6 Mt CO2 eq emissions reductions, $3.1 billion in revenues and 20,942 direct and indirect jobs (cumulative). In FY 2021-22 alone, SDTC approved funding for 109 new sustainable technology projects.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Canada
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Canada introduced federal regulations in April 2018 to reduce venting and fugitive methane emissions from existing and new oil and gas sources. The regulations entered into force in January 2020. Canada intends to expand coverage and increase the stringency of the methane reduction obligations in the existing federal oil and gas methane regulations. ECCC released a discussion paper in March 2022, which outlines two potential approaches: (1) building upon the current approach, via command-and-control regulation to specify technical solutions that must be implemented to reduce emissions from specific sources; or (2) moving to a performance-based approach, that would place greater emphasis on performance-based objectives, such as maximum emission levels or emission reduction targets. In November 2023, Canada released new draft regulations which will eliminate routine venting and flaring of oil and gas infrastructure and establish new performance standards for leak detection and repair, resulting in facilities at higher risk needing to undertake more frequent inspections. The new regulations will also introduce an audit system.
The program was launched in October 2020 as a COVID-19 measure to provide primarily repayable funding to eligible onshore and offshore oil and gas firms to support capital investments, clean technology deployment, and research to reduce GHG emissions and help maintain jobs in a time of economic hardship and uncertainty. Of the total $750 million, up to $675 million was available to eligible onshore oil and gas companies to invest in green technologies to reduce or eliminate methane emissions from conventional oil and gas production. Projects funded under the first two intake periods are ongoing but will be completed by March 2023; projects to be funded under the third and final intake period are being finalized. ERF Onshore projects are anticipated to achieve methane emission reductions of ~ 4 Mt CO2 eq in the first twelve months following project completion. Data will be confirmed when projects are complete. The remaining $75 million was available to offshore oil and gas companies ($42 million for the Offshore Deployment Program and $33 million for the Offshore RD&D Program) for capital investments and research, development and demonstration (RD&D) to reduce GHGs in the offshore oil and gas sector in Newfoundland and Labrador.
As a component of the Emissions Reduction Fund (F60) $42 million to further position offshore oil and gas sector as a leader in Canada's transition to a low carbon future.
As a component of the Emissions Reduction Fund (F60) $33 million to support research, development, and demonstration projects that advance solutions to decarbonize the offshore oil and gas industry.
The Prime Minister included the following statement in his December 2021 mandate letter to the Minister of Environment and Climate Change: "With the support of the Minister of Natural Resources, cap oil and gas sector emissions at current levels and ensure that the sector makes an ambitious and achievable contribution to meeting the country’s 2030 climate goals".
In August 2022, the federal government released a discussion document seeking input on two potential regulatory approaches:
1. The development of a new cap-and-trade system under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999; and
2. The modification of existing carbon pollution pricing systems under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act.
Additionally, the 2030 ERP modelled a projected contribution from the oil and gas sector of reducing emissions by 31% from 2005 levels to reach 110 Mt CO2e in 2030.
In December 2023, the federal government released a Regulatory Framework for an Oil and Gas Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions Cap to outline key design details of the proposed approach and seek public comment. The framework proposes a cap-and-trade system (under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act) that sets a regulated limit on emissions from the sector.
The cap on emissions from the oil and gas sector is intended to align the sector's emissions with a trajectory aligned with net-zero emissions in 2050. To achieve this goal, the federal government proposes to create a cap-and-trade system for direct (scope 1) emissions from all covered activities. Emission allowances issued under the cap-and-trade system would not be fungible with other carbon pricing systems or regulatory instruments, such as the methane regulations. The cap level in 2030 would allow up to 25 megatons of additional flexibility so that entities can cover a portion of their compliance obligation through other allowances like offsets and decarbonization fund payments.
The Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership (Sustainable CAP) is a new $3.5-billion, 5-year agreement (April 1, 2023 to March 31, 2028), between the federal, provincial and territorial governments to strengthen the competitiveness, innovation, and resiliency of the agriculture, agri‐food and agri‐based products sector. The agreement includes $1 billion in federal programs and activities and $2.5 billion in cost-shared programs and activities funded by federal, provincial and territorial governments.
$199.6 million over five years, starting in 2022/23, and $0.4 million ongoing, to Natural Resources Canada to expand the Green Freight Assessment Program, which will be renamed the Green Freight Program. This will support assessments and retrofits of more vehicles and a greater diversity of fleet and vehicle types.
$227.9 million of funding "over eight years, starting in 2023-24, to the Treasury Board Secretariat to implement a Low-Carbon Fuel Procurement Program within the Greening Government Fund" to support the development of "low-emission marine and aviation fuels". The intention of this spending is to encourage industry development of more clean fuels for federal domestic air and marine travel as federal procurement continues to "prioritize the use of lower carbon materials, fuels, and processes".
$14.9 billion investment "over eight years, starting in 2021-22, for public transit projects across Canada" which will include "new permanent funding of $3 billion per year for communities across Canada, beginning in 2026-27" to support the development of "new subway lines, light-rail transit and streetcars, electric buses, active transportation infrastructure, and improved rural transit".
Through the Zero Emission Transit Fund, the Government of Canada is investing $2.75 billion over five years, starting in 2021, to support public transit and school bus operators plan for electrification, support the purchase of 5,000 zero emission buses and build supporting infrastructure, including charging infrastructure and facility upgrades.
The first-ever Active Transportation Fund will provide $400 million over five years to support a modal shift away from cars and toward active transportation, in support of Canada's National Active Transportation Strategy. The Active Transportation Fund will invest in projects that build new and expanded networks of pathways, bike lanes, trails and pedestrian bridges, in addition to supporting active transportation planning and stakeholder engagement activities.
Given the importance of this sector, the Government of Canada announced the Zero-Emission Trucking Program (ZETP) as part of a suite of initiatives announced in the March 2022 Emissions Reduction Plan. The ZETP will contribute to accelerating the safe deployment of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero-Emission Vehicles (MHZEV) on Canadian roads. To achieve this mandate, the ZETP was allocated $75.8 million over five years, starting in 2022-23, to implement the following program activities:
Supporting provinces and territories with funding to develop, modernize, and align codes, standards and regulations for zero-emission trucking.
Supporting heavy-duty zero-emission vehicle deployments to evaluate the technology in Canadian conditions, share best practices, and accelerate readiness.
Addressing data and knowledge gaps to remove barriers to the introduction of zero-emission trucks in the Canadian marketplace.
Investing in facility upgrades at the Motor Vehicle Test Centre to increase MHZEV testing capabilities.
Undertaking MHZEV safety research to validate MHZEV crashworthiness performance and inform the development of new safety requirements, as needed.
Bus Owners, including transit and school bus operators, can take advantage of our financing to modernize their bus fleets on an accelerated basis. Our financing, in the form of direct loans, can cover the higher upfront capital costs of Zero Emission Busses (ZEBs).
This initiative targets the accelerated adoption of over 5,000 ZEBs, comprising of a mix of transit and school buses.
Repayments to the loan under the initiative are sourced solely from actual savings generated by the lower cost of operating ZEBs compared to the higher cost of operating diesel buses.
The Government of Canada allocated up to $76M in funding under Budgets 2016 and 2017 to the EVID program to support demonstrations of next-generation and innovative electric vehicle (EV) charging and hydrogen refuelling infrastructure. Projects are addressing technical and non-technical barriers to the installation, operation and management of charging and refuelling technologies.
The EVID program aims to accelerate the market entry of next generation clean energy infrastructure, by supporting demonstration projects of innovative EV charging and hydrogen refuelling technologies, in order to lead to an increased uptake of ZEVs.
One of the requirements for the demonstration projects is to have a technology readiness level (TRL) of at least 5 at the beginning of the project and must achieve a TRL of at least 8 at the end of the project.
The Zero-Emission Vehicles Information Portal is a web page designed to provide consumers with information about zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). The categories of information found on the website are general information about ZEVs, current ZEV incentives, government initiatives on ZEVs, and an electric vehicle charging or hydrogen refuelling station locator.
Budget 2024 provided $800 million for the program over five years, starting in 2025-26. This program replaces the Canada Greener Homes Grant. It is separate from the Canada Greener Affordable Housing program, which provides funding for pre-retrofit and retrofit activities. The details of the new program are to be determined, but it is intended to support energy efficiency retrofits for low- and median-income households.
In the 2016 Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, the federal government committed to work with provinces and territories to require energy-use labels on buildings. There is an existing federal standard, known as EnerGuide. Budget 2024 provided $30 million to fund the continued development of a national approach to require energy-use labels.
Tax rate based on emissions intensity of specific types of coal, ranging from $14.27/t (Lignite) to $31.90/t (Petroleum Coke). Equivalent to an approximately $10/tonne carbon tax.
The Act established Efficiency Manitoba as a crown corporation with the mandate to:
(a) implement and support demand-side management initiatives to meet the savings targets and achieve any resulting reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in Manitoba;
(b) achieve additional reductions in the consumption of electrical energy or natural gas — including resulting reductions in the demand for electrical power — if the reductions can be achieved in a cost-effective manner;
(c) mitigate the impact of rate increases and delay the point at which capital investments in major new generation and transmission projects will be required by Manitoba Hydro to serve the needs of Manitobans;
(d) if any of the following are prescribed as being subject to demand-side management under this Act, carry out the prescribed duties in respect of them:
(i) demand for electrical power in Manitoba,
(ii) potable water consumed in Manitoba,
(iii) fossil fuels consumed in the transportation sector in Manitoba; and
(e) promote and encourage the involvement of the private sector and other non-governmental entities in the delivery of its demand-side management initiatives.
The act sets cumulative targets of 22.5% of domestic electricity demand (average of 1.5% annually of domestic electricity consumption) and 11.25% of domestic natural gas demand (average of 0.75% annually of natural gas consumption) over a 15 years.
Amendment in 2021 increased Increase in minimum renewable fuel content requirement to 10% for gasoline and 5% for diesel, by volume. Previously required minimum renewable fuel content of 8.5% for gasoline and 2% for diesel by volume.
The Assurance: Environment grant helps farmers and industry service providers implement and adopt beneficial management practices (BMPs) as identified in Environmental Farm Plans. The purpose is to enhance Manitoba's and Canada's reputation as a supplier of safe, high-quality foods that are produced in an environmentally responsible manner.
In 2018, Ag Action Manitoba announced program funding to help farmers implement and adopt beneficial management practices (BMPs) on their farm identified in their Environmental Farm Plan. These practices support reducing emissions among other benefits. Farmers can apply directly to the Ag Action Manitoba BMP activity for practices that provide environmental benefits, including reducing on-farm GHG emissions. Watershed districts can apply to the Ag Action Manitoba program activity called Watershed Ecological Goods and Services, which provides funding to watershed districts to work with farmers to implement practices that conserve and enhance ecological goods and services on the agricultural landscape.
In June 2019, Manitoba and Canada launched a 3-year $11.8 million efficient trucking program for the installation of fuel saving technologies and retrofits to heavy-duty vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and GHG emissions, which includes $5.9 million in funding from the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund. The program is forecast to reduce global emissions by 60,000 tonnes by 2023.
$11.8 million ($5.9 million from the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund) over 3 years for heavy-duty vehicle efficiency retrofits. 61 applications were approved in 2020. 423 trucks and 414 trailers have received fuel-saving/emissions reduction retrofits .
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
The purpose of the Conservation and Climate Fund (hereinafter, “the Fund”) is to support projects occurring in Manitoba that incorporate actions to address and adapt to a changing climate and protect the environment in alignment with the priorities and implementation of the Climate and Green Plan. Projects will deliver on one or more of the following:
(a) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
(b) Address the effects of a changing climate, including adaptive measures to reduce impacts and enhance resiliency
(c) Promote sustainable development while ensuring a prosperous and healthy Manitoba for future generations.
The Fund supports time-bound projects and does not provide ongoing operating or maintenance support to an organization.
As an initiative of the Manitoba Climate and Green Plan, the Fund supports further transition to a sustainable and green low carbon economy. It also supports Manitoba becoming more climate resilient, with the ability to withstand, respond and recover quickly from the impacts of a changing climate.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy; Producer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Manitoba
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
The Merit-based program is intended to support building and process improvements that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and use of fossil fuels. This program will not fund projects that qualify for or are already supported by Efficiency Manitoba, nor will it fund transportation projects such as zero emission vehicles or charging infrastructure. Grant applications must be approved before January 30, 2024 to be considered for eligibility
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Manitoba
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
The program provides rebates worth up to $4,000 for a new battery electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle and $2,500 for used versions of these vehicles. The rebate only applies once per vehicle and is only available once to a vehicle purchaser or lessee. Eligible vehicles must have a cost of less than $70,000 and be no more than four years old. The rebate is retroactive to August 1, 2023 and phases out on March 31, 2026.
As of 2021, the only energy efficiency standard set out in New Brunswick’s legislation is for solid-fuel-burning heating appliances. All other energy-using products are as prescribed in the Energy Efficiency Regulations, 2016 made under the federal Energy Efficiency Act.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Standard to achieve incremental reduction in GHG intensity by 10% by 2030 for large industrial emitters and additional incremental GHG emissions reductions for electricity generators. Estimated mitigation impact by 2030 is 500 KtCO2e.
New Brunswick's Output-Based Pricing System (OBPS), implemented through The Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulation under The Climate Act, meets the federal government's OBPS backstop requirements. Large industrial facilities, those emitting 50,000 tonnes or more of CO2e annually (including those generating electricity), must reduce their emissions intensity in accordance with this regulation. Facilities have various compliance options, including:
• Reducing their GHG emissions,
• Paying a fee of $50/tCO2e emissions exceeding their limit to the provincial government (in 2022), and
• Purchasing credits per tonne of CO2e emissions exceeding their limit from the provincial government.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
New Brunswick
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Energy efficiency programs for all New Brunswickers are delivered by NB Power as the Province works to keep energy affordable. Residential, commercial and industrial programs are available, and a list of programs can be found at New Brunswick Energy Efficiency Programs (saveenergynb.ca). The programs are also discussed in Province’s report Powering our Economy and the World with Clean Energy: Our Path Forward to 2035. The 2023-2024 target for electricity savings from energy efficiency programs was 69 GWh.
One residential program example is the Enhanced Energy Savings Program. Launched in September 2022, it offers free air sealing, insulation, and heat pumps to qualified households with under $70,000 in combined income that are heated with electric baseboards or heating oil.
Total spending on efficiency programs in 2023-2024 was $128 million, and funding for 2024-2025 is currently $131 million. That includes $50 million for the Enhanced Energy Savings Program alone, as recently announced in the provincial budget.
Estimated mitigation impact of 260 KtCO2e by 2030 through NB Power's, New Brunswick's primary electricity utility, mandate to "promote energy efficiency measures in the residential, community and business sectors; develop and deliver programs and initiatives in relation to energy efficiency; promote the development of an energy efficiency service industry; act as a central resource for the promotion of energy efficiency; and raise awareness of how energy efficiency measures can lead to a more reliable energy supply for New Brunswick."
For example, NB Power's Commercial Buildings Retrofit Program provides up to $3,000 for commercial building evaluations for energy efficiency retrofits and up to $100,000 for energy retrofit projects.
In addition, the federal government’s Low Carbon Economy Fund is providing $51 million in funding between 2017 to 2024 that extends NB Power’s energy efficiency programs beyond electricity to all fuel types, including oil, natural gas, and propane.
Total spend in 2023/24 was $128 M, Funding for 2024/25 is currently $131M , Actuals in 2022/23 were $62M.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
Opportunities New Brunswick (ONB) has partnered with the New Brunswick Innovation Foundation to deliver on a Clean Technology innovation initiative to develop a pipeline of clean technology innovation in the province. The initiative has developed momentum for applied climate research and cleantech innovation in New Brunswick through four main program streams: Climate Impact Research Fund; Cleantech Startup Investment Fund; Corporate Cleantech Innovation Fund; and Climate Early Stage Commercialization Fund. F
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
New Brunswick
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
The Plug-In NB Electric Vehicle Rebate Program is funded by the Province of New Brunswick. The program offers rebates to New Brunswick vehicle owners for new and used electric vehicles. (Battery Electric Vehicle/BEV, and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles). Rebates are also available for smart Home Charging Stations.
Vehicles must be purchased from a qualifying New Brunswick dealer to be eligible for Plug-In NB rebates. Continued investment in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations through New Brunswick's electric vehicle strategy as a first step to support future EV procurement. New Brunswick has set a target in the Climate Change Action Plan to have 6 percent of light-duty vehicles sales be electric by 2025 and 50 percent by 2030. In 2023, 5.2 percent of light-duty vehicle sales were electric. New Brunswick's current EV charging network has over 200 charging stations, including 60 fast charging stations. New Brunswick is also currently evaluating the results from their electric school bus pilot project.
Offers rebates of up to $5,000 for the purchase of a new battery electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle, or up to $2,500 for used ones. Recipients of the vehicle rebate may apply for a grant of up to $750 to install a Level 2 electric vehicle charger at home. The program was initially funded for three years, starting in 2021. Funding is approved annually and drawn from the Climate Change Fund. It is unclear whether its funding has been extended beyond 2024.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Estimated mitigation impact of 162 KtCO2e by 2030 through re-commissioning of building systems, upgrading lighting, utilizing lower emission fuels, and implementing renewable energy systems in provincially operated buildings.
Instrument:
Public procurement
Scope:
Class
Region:
New Brunswick
Sector:
Buildings
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Research group supporting the development and deployment of SMRs for non-emitting electricity generation.
New Brunswick also supported the federal government's Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Action Plan.
Set under the Electricity Act, New Brunswick's Renewable Portfolio Standard requires NB Power to ensure that 40% of annual in-province electricity sales are generated from renewable energy sources from the end of 2020 onwards. Imports of renewable energy from other jurisdictions qualify for compliance, as do energy efficiency improvements.
In the 2022-2023 fiscal year, 53% of power sold in the province came from renewable sources.
Community Renewable Energy, also known as Locally Owned Renewable Energy Projects that are Small Scale Program (LORESS), is regulated through the Electricity from Renewable Resources Regulation (the Regulation). This program allows NB Power to endeavor to obtain up to 40MW of renewable energy from First Nations and an additional 40MW of renewable energy from local entities as defined in the Regulation. The Program consists of three components: (a) a procurement set-aside for Aboriginal businesses; (b) a procurement set-aside for local entities; and (c) the procurement of electricity from renewable resources through distributed generation.
The Large Industrial Renewable Energy Purchase Program allows NB Power to purchase renewable energy generated by its largest customers at a rate of $117.40/MWh for the 2023/24 fiscal year. This purchase price will be adjusted annually by the percentage change in Consumer Price Index between the two most recent calendar years, as published by Statistics Canada at the time of posting. The renewable energy will count towards meeting our Province’s renewable energy targets.
$8 million invested over six years (from 2018 to 2024), with $6 million from the Province and $2 million from the Federal Government through the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund, to assist low-income, oil-heated households make energy efficiency improvements to existing homes.
$48.5 million investment from 2018-2024, consisting of a provincial investment of $24.3 million and a matched $24.3 million investment through the federal Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund, to continue public building retrofits, including Memorial University, to implement clean electricity and energy efficiency improvements.
Newfoundland and Labrador delivers a fuel switching program in the residential sector. Homes primarily heated by fossil fuels are eligible for a rebate on the installation on electrification technology.
As part of the commitment to lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce energy costs for residents, the Provincial Government, in collaboration with Natural Resources Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada, announced just over $157 million towards implementation of new fuel switching and energy efficiency incentive programs over the next four fiscal years. Oil to Electric program started in 2021, and initial funding was $6.95 and then expanded in 2023 till 2027 and received new funding: $33.8+$17.3 million.
Budget 2022 provided $2 million. Budget now increased to $5 million. Up to $5,000 incentive. Provincial program 2021-22 to 2022-23; superseded by federal-provincial program 2023-24 to 2026-27. Anticipated spending of $128m over 4 years. Currently delivered through TakeCharge NL.
Requirement for new government buildings or buildings being funded by the government to achieve Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver status. By 2020, 68 buildings had registered under the LEED system.
Hydroelectric project with a capacity of 824 MW, resulting in 98% of Newfoundland and Labrador's electricity consumption coming from renewable energy sources which replaces a thermal oil electricity generating plant. The estimated annual mitigation impact in 2030 is 1,400 KtCO2e. This project will also support GHG reductions of at least 1 Mt annually in other provinces, such as Nova Scotia.
It’s estimated that power from the project can displace three to four megatonnes of carbon dioxide annually from thermal generating facilities.
Ottawa agrees to give annual cash transfers to Newfoundland and Labrador equal to what it makes from interest in the Hibernia offshore oil project. The federal government pegged that portion of the deal as worth $3.2 billion between now and the end of Hibernia's lifespan. The agreement also includes $2 billion in federal financing, half of which comes in the form of a federal loan guarantee. The other $1 billion is billed as an investment in Newfoundland and Labrador's portion of the Labrador-Island Link, the transmission system that carries Muskrat Falls' power from central Labrador and distributes it across the island. The federal government won't buy those transmission assets outright, with the money acting as a loan that must be repaid in 2042.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
$38 million investment (including $10.5 million also counted in the public buildings initiative above), with support from the federal government's Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund, provides funds for a range of projects targeting emission reductions from heavy industry and other sectors. Projects eligible for funding support include carbon sequestration projects; projects supporting energy efficiency enhancements and fuel switching within the commercial, industrial, and public sectors; process changes reducing emissions from industry; initiatives reducing emissions in the forestry, agricultural and waste sectors; and various transportation retrofits. The Climate Change Challenge Fund (CCCF) will be run over five fiscal years starting in 2019.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Newfoundland and Labrador
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
An output-based performance standard is applied to large industrial emitters and large-scale electricity generation. Facilities emitting more than 25,000 tCO2e annually are required to participate in the output-based performance standard. Facilities emitting between 15,000 tCO2e to 25,000 tCO2e annually can choose whether or not to participate in the output-based performance standard. Facilities emitting less than the threshold or who have chosen not to participate must pay the carbon tax. Participating facilities must meet emissions intensity reduction levels each year, otherwise there are additional compliance mechanisms through a credit-based system.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Newfoundland and Labrador
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Investment to support increased adoption of electric vehicles by expanding the charging network. This initiative began with the funding of 14 Level 3 fast-charging stations along the Trans Canada Highway within Newfoundland and Labrador. An additional 19 locations were subsequently funded by the utilities. These figures are current as of April 2024. The 2022 provincial budget provided $2 million for the provincial government to further expand the fast charging network. The 2024 provincial budget provided $1.1 million to install new charging stations.
Multiple funding announcements including:
May 2022: $805,000 investment to Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro to help support the installation of up to 113 EV chargers across the province through ZEVIP.
July 2020: Through Budget 2019, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador provided $1 million and the Government of Canada today announced $770,000 that will purchase and install 28 electric vehicle chargers across the province to support the transition to a clean energy future.
$2,500 incentive for BEV and $1500 for PHEV. Budget 2022 provided $875,000. Rebates of $2500 for a new, used or leased Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV), and $1500 for a new, used or leased EV. program started in 2021-22. Program is funded in 2024-25. The 2024 provincial budget provided an additional $875,000 for the program.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
Initiated in 2023 with royalties from the West White Rose offshore expansion project, the program provides non-repayable contributions to commercial and non-commercial organizations for projects associated with the transition to a green economy. Most projects must have a total cost between $75,000 and $3 million, though there is no minimum cost for rural or Indigenous projects. Eligible costs include costs associated with greening commercial operations, technology costs, research and development of green economy technologies, some promotional activities, and some labour costs.
The Green Transition Fund provides financial support to businesses, organizations, post-secondary institutions, and industry associations to assist with the province’s transition to a green economy. The program will de-risk commercial and non-commercial activities that facilitate collaboration, investment, and industry growth required for the transition. The Green Transition Fund targets the greening of commercial operations in traditional sectors and development of new opportunities related to the growth of a green economy. The program supports research and development projects related to green transition and green economy supply chain improvement. The program includes streams for projects led by Indigenous and rural proponents that are focused on a green economic transition.
The fund was announced in June 2023 with an initial expected value of $100 million. The 2024 provincial budget provided an additional $11.5 million for the fund.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
Newfoundland and Labrador
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Effective April 7, 2022, a new 20% green technology tax credit is introduced for Canadian‑controlled private corporations that invest in equipment for green activities such as energy conservation, clean energy generation, and efficient use of fossil fuels. The equipment has to be located in and for use in a business operated in, the province. The credit is calculated based on the corporation's capital cost of eligible property. The maximum credit is $1 million annually, of which 40% is refundable. You can carry unused credits back to the 3 previous tax years or forward to the 20 following tax years. The unused credits cannot be applied to a tax year that ends before April 7, 2022.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Class
Region:
Newfoundland and Labrador
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Through the Frontier and Offshore Regulatory Renewal Initiative (FORRI), Newfoundland and Labrador is working with the federal government to develop regulatory requirements relating to the reduction of emissions such that the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board will regulate methane emissions under the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Act. The federal regulations to reduce methane emissions from the upstream oil and gas industry under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 will continue to apply to the offshore petroleum sector until such changes are realized
Launched in 2012, Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro is now in year 10 of the Isolated Communities Energy Efficiency Program. The objective of this program is to provide outreach, education and energy efficient products, along with energy efficiency and demand management opportunities to homes and businesses in the 41 remote diesel-system communities across Newfoundland and Labrador. To date, it has successfully helped these communities save 10.97 GWh of electricity.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
$3.8 million allocated in 2020 for nine energy conservation retrofit projects on government buildings. Further, this fund supported the development of a large-scale biomass system for one government building.
This program provides funding to improve the efficiency of government buildings and assets "through energy audits, building surveys and energy benchmarking.
Instrument:
Public procurement
Scope:
Class
Region:
Northwest Territories
Sector:
Buildings
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Funding program providing incentives and rebates to promote increased energy efficiency including:
-Energy Efficiency Incentive Program -provides rebates on the purchase of new, energy-efficient appliances to reduce energy costs and GHG.
-Commercial Energy Conservation and Efficiency Program - provides eligible small businesses with free energy audits and rebates on the cost of retrofit expenses.
-Deep Home Energy Retrofit program- provides rebates to help owners of older, less energy-efficient homes reduce the cost and GHG emissions associated with heating.
-Non-Profit Energy Efficiency and Conservation Program - provides rebates to non-profit organizations that make energy-efficient upgrades to their buildings.
-Alternative Energy Technologies Program -provides incentives to adopt alternative energy supply.
Base funding from Government of Northwest Territories (2.75M in 2021-22), with additional funding through Federal LCELF (3.3M in 21-22) and 300k from NRCan Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities program.
Instrument:
Consumer subsidy; Producer subsidy
Scope:
Class
Region:
Northwest Territories
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Funding, with support from the federal Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund, for existing Arctic Energy Alliance programs and services and for new programs and services, including:
-Community Government Building Energy Retrofit Program- provides energy audits to support energy-efficient management for the community and government.
-Designated Income Home Winterization Program- provides homeowners with the supplies , knowledge and other resources to winterize their homes and save heating fuels.
-Energy Ratings Services Support Program- provides homeowners with access to affordable home energy evaluations.
-Biomass energy program provides accessible technical advice, project coordination, and education on existing or potential biomass projects.
-Community Wood Stove Program- provides 50% of the funding for new and energy-efficient stoves.
Base funding from Government of Northwest Territories (2.75M in 2021-22), with additional funding through Federal LCELF (3.3M in 21-22) and 300k from NRCan Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities program.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Class
Region:
Northwest Territories
Sector:
Buildings
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Provides information, advice, incentives and answers related to residential energy efficiency. Hosts the annual Energy Actions Awards. Conducts energy audits to further educate residents on energy savings practices.
Through community engagement, the AEA provides education and advice on energy efficiency and promotes and coordinates related programs across NWT, fostering energy consciousness.
Base funding from Government of Northwest Territory (2.75M in 2021-22), with additional funding through Federal LCELF (3.3M in 21-22) and 300k from NRCan Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities program.
The program provides a $5,000 rebate for the purchase of a new electric vehicle (EV) and up to $500 for charging infrastructure in hydropower communities.
Electric Passenger Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure Rebate Amount:
Battery electric vehicle (BEV): $7,500
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV:) $7,500
Level 2 charging station for home use (220 or 240 volts): 100% of purchase and installation cost, up to $500
50% of the purchase cost of an on-the-land vehicle up to $2,500
50% of the purchase cost of an e-bike up to $750.
Rebate amounts were increased to $7,500 in 2022-2023. Reporting on the program can be found in annual Energy Initiatives Report (p 40).
Base funding from Government of Northwest Territory (2.75M in 2021-22), with additional funding through Federal LCELF (3.3M in 21-22) and 300k from NRCan Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities program.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Program, with support from the federal Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund, providing funding to the Northwest Territories government, municipalities and Indigenous governments for a wide range of projects reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Projects may include energy efficiency building and mobile equipment retrofits, replacement of energy systems with cleaner technologies, fuel switching initiatives, non-infrastructure transportation projects, waste-to-energy projects, and methane capture and use projects. This program is set to end March 31, 2024.
For example, this program provided $1.05 million of funding for the installation of wood pellet boilers at two school facilities in the territory. Both boilers are expected to reduce GHG emissions by 578 t/year and save approximately $97,000 in operating costs. This GHG Grant Program provides support beyond the fiscal capacity of Arctic Energy Alliance, a Northwest Territories non-profit organization working to improve energy savings and efficiency in the territory.
Starting 2022-2023, the GNWT is reporting jointly on the GHG Grant Program for Government and GHG Grant Program for Buildings and Industry.
Funding and resources for this program have been provided jointly by the GNWT in support of the GNWT’s 2030 Energy Strategy, and by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) under the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund (LCELF) in support of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Northwest Territories
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Program, with support from the federal Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund, providing funding to businesses, industry, and non-profit organizations for a wide range of projects reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Projects may include energy efficiency building and mobile equipment retrofits, replacement of energy systems with cleaner technologies, fuel switching initiatives, non-infrastructure transportation projects, waste-to-energy projects, and methane capture and use projects. This program is set to end March 31, 2024.
Starting 2022-2023, the GNWT is reporting jointly on the GHG Grant Program for Government and GHG Grant Program for Buildings and Industry.
Funding and resources for this program have been provided jointly by the GNWT in support of the GNWT’s 2030 Energy Strategy, and by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) under the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund (LCELF) in support of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Northwest Territories
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
In September 2019, the GNWT introduced the territorial carbon tax by amending the Petroleum Products Tax Act and Regulations. The carbon tax was first implemented at a rate of $20 per tonne of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (excluding aviation fuel and wood). The rates gradually increased each year by $10, reaching $50 per tonne in 2022. From April 1, 2023, the carbon tax rate was further increased to $65 per tonne of GHG emissions and will continue to grow annually by $15 per tonne until it reaches $170 per tonne in April 2030.
This tax applies to most fuel use except aviation and fuels purchased by First Nations on reserves. Electricity producers receive a 100% rebate on their fuel use. Four diamond mines are classified as large emitters and receive a 72% rebate on a baseline quantity of fuel use. Other proceeds are recycled to households through the Cost of Living Offset.
The Northwest Territories carbon tax was amended in March 2023 to reflect federal backstop and exempt heating oil for the next couple of years.
Instrument:
Emissions price
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Northwest Territories
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Net metering system to allow individual households or communities to install up to 15 kW of renewable electricity generation on their land. Annual report estimates annual GHG emissions reductions from these projects.
Updated the Good Building Practices for Northern Facilities manual to include updated building technology and construction practices, climate change considerations, and energy efficiency opportunities.
An application-based grant program designed to support installing new electric vehicle charging infrastructure in the NWT in public places, on-street, at multi-unit residential buildings, workplaces, as well as other locations in support of charging light duty electric vehicles. In 2022-2023, the GNWT announced a $3.8M investment in fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, using three funding sources: GNWT ($1.9M), GHG Grant program ($1.5M), and the GNWT EV Infrastructure Program ($360k). The investment will fund an EV corridor connecting hydro communities around the Great Slave Lake.
Funding for the program is provide by the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) and the Government of Canada under the Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program. Up to 50% of the total eligible cost of a new project – not exceeding $5,000 per connector for level 2 charging infrastructure; and up to $75,000 per charger for level 3 fast charging infrastructure.
The Inuvik Wind Project is a key initiative within the 2030 Energy Strategy. It will install a single 3.5 MW wind turbine, a small battery storage system, a six-kilometre access road and a distribution line to reduce GHG emissions and support a secure grid in Inuvik. The project was commissioned in the fall of 2024. The governments of Canada and Northwest Territories invest in first Arctic Energy Fund project with Inuvik Wind Generation, creating cleaner and more reliable energy
The Government of Canada is investing up to $30 million through the Investing in Canada plan – Arctic Energy Fund, and the Government of the Northwest Territories is contributing up to $10 million for the Inuvik Wind Generation project.
As part of its commitment to reduce GHG emissions from electricity generation in diesel-powered communities, the GNWT is proposing to construct a 170-km transmission line from the Taltson hydroelectricity system to Fort Providence, Kakisa and Dory Point. These communities are accessible by road and relatively close to the Taltson system, which has a surplus of hydropower available. The construction is anticipated for 2026.
The overall project cost is estimated at $60 million, of which $45 million will be covered by the federal government under Investing In Canada Infrastructure Program, under the Arctic Energy Fund and the remaining 25% or $15 million will be covered by the GNWT.
The Sachs Harbour project involves replacing an aging diesel plant with a modern one to accommodate renewable energy technologies, funded by Infrastructure Canada and NTPC. The $8.9 million budget (75% federal funding) aims to improve efficiency, reduce GHG emissions by 100 tonnes/year, and alleviate pressure on electricity rates. Despite COVID-19 delays, construction resumed in 2022, with the new plant expected to be operational by 2023-2024.
Similarly, in Łutselk’e, a diesel-electric plant at the end of its life is being replaced with a modern facility, funded by Infrastructure Canada and NTPC with a total budget of $11.7 million (75% federal funding). The new plant, relocated to a more suitable site, aims to enhance grid flexibility for renewable energy integration and reduce GHG emissions by 100 tonnes/year. Construction and commissioning were completed in 2022-2023, and the plant is now operational. In 2021-2022, the GNWT concluded a climate adaptation study suggesting relocating the existing diesel power plant in Fort Simpson to future flooding risks. In 2022-2023, NTPC estimated the scope and cost to relocate the plant to the site designated for the Fort Simpson LNG project, integrating the two initiatives. Ongoing efforts focus on securing funding to advance this combined project.
Reduce GHG emissions through building systems re-commissioning, lighting upgrades, converting to lower emissions fuel sources and implementation of renewable energy systems. Homeowners on a low income can qualify for no-charge home efficiency upgrades through Efficiency Nova Scotia’s Low Income Homeowner Service. Since 45% of the heat loss in a typical home occurs through the walls, floors and roof, a primary focus is on insulation and draft proofing. For those who qualify for the program, a certified energy advisor will conduct a home-energy assessment and energy efficient upgrades are provided at no cost to the homeowner. Program participants who heat with non-electrical heat sources save, on average, $900 per year.
$14 million to upgrade 80% of the 2,400 band-owned homes on reserves over ten years. 900 homes are targeted for the first four years. Upgrades include new insulation, heat pumps, and draft proofing.
Homeowners on a low income can qualify for no-charge home efficiency upgrades through Efficiency Nova Scotia’s Low Income Homeowner Service. Since 45% of the heat loss in a typical home occurs through the walls, floors and roof, a primary focus is on insulation and draft proofing. For those who qualify for the program, a certified energy advisor will conduct a home-energy assessment and energy efficient upgrades are provided at no cost to the homeowner. Program participants who heat with non-electrical heat sources save, on average, $900 per year.
The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulations implement a mandatory declining cap on GHG emissions from electricity generation facilities. The decreases are scheduled in progressive steps from a cumulative 2010-2011 total of 19,220 kt to 7,500 kt or below by 2020 and further to 4,500 kt or below by 2030. Total electricity GHG reduction in Nova Scotia for 2010 to 2030 will be at least 5,700 kt CO2 eq.
Nova Scotia has implemented two separate regulations to address emissions from the electricity sector and enhance the supply of renewables, which are together expected to result in emission reductions of at least 2,700 kt CO2 eq in 2020. The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulations implement a mandatory declining cap on GHG emissions from electricity generation facilities. The decreases are scheduled in progressive steps from a cumulative 2010-2011 total of 19,220 kt to 7,500 kt or below by 2020 and further to 4,500 kt or below by 2030. Total electricity GHG reduction in Nova Scotia for 2010 to 2030 will be at least 5,700 kt CO2 eq. The Renewable Electricity Regulations require 80% of electricity supply to be generated from renewable sources by 2030. This will involve the adoption of a diverse mix of energy sources including wind, tidal, solar, hydro and bioenergy. The mitigation impact of this measure is included in the estimate for the federal measure Reduction of CO2 Emissions from the Amendments to the Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity Regulations.
The Renewable Electricity Regulations require 80% of electricity supply to be generated from renewable sources by 2030, extending previous targets of 25% of electricity consumption be provided from renewable resources in 2015 and 40% by 2020. . This will involve the adoption of a diverse mix of energy sources including wind, tidal, solar, hydro and bioenergy.
Nova Scotia created Canada’s first energy efficiency utility, Efficiency Nova Scotia. Since 2011, Efficiency Nova Scotia has made a 24% contribution to Nova Scotia’s overall GHG emission reductions, avoiding over 1 Mt CO2 eq annually. It also administers comprehensive energy efficiency programs for low income and First Nations Nova Scotians. The Electricity Efficiency and Conservation Restructuring Act (2014) requires Nova Scotia Power to purchase efficiency resources whenever they are lower cost than producing power. Efficiency resources are provided by Efficiency Nova Scotia for commercial, industrial, and residential consumers. Targets for electricity efficiency are guided by a periodic Integrated Resource Plan required by the Utility and Review Board. GHG reductions achieved through electricity efficiency are included in the GHG reduction estimates provided for the Nova Scotia Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulations.
Nova Scotia’s Electricity Act governs the creation, sale, distribution, and supervision of electricity and electricity providers. In 2022, the Act was amended to ensure Nova Scotians can generate their own renewable power, such as with solar panels, and gain more control of their energy use. Amendments include guaranteeing ratepayers the full right to net metering without fear of new special charges, fees or rates that prohibit homeowners from bringing the energy portion of their electricity bill to $0 annually if they can generate enough power from renewable sources like solar panels. Other amendments will require the province’s Community Solar Program and Green Choice Program to be simplified, as well as requiring Nova Scotia Power to fully implement the Green Button standard, which enables customers to securely download their household or business electricity usage data and connect this data to online applications to help manage their electricity bills.
These changes are aimed at helping the province meet its goal of generation 80% of its electricity through renewables by 2030.
A $3,000 rebate is available for the purchase of a new battery-operated electric vehicle or long-range plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A $2,000 rebate is available for the purchase of a new short-range plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A $2,000 rebate is available for the purchase of a used battery-operated electric vehicle and a $1,000 rebate is available for the purchase of a used short-range plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A $500 rebate is available for the purchase of an e-bike that retails for more than $1,200. These rebates are offered in addition to the federal rebates for electric vehicles.
Funding is available for active transportation projects that improve connectivity within and between communities and have the potential to reduce emissions. Funding can be used for community planning, feasibility studies, learning by doing, public engagement sessions, program promotion and demonstration projects.. $655,760 in grants have supported 14 clean transportation projects. The funding supports community projects dedicated to active transportation, clean fleets, and shared mobility.
Currently 59% of Nova Scotia’s source separated organic wastes are diverted from all second generation landfills to composting or grid connected anaerobic digestors, converting the potential methane from these organics to CO2 emissions (25 times lower global warming potential)."
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
The Nova Scotia Output-based Pricing System (OBPS), as laid out in the amendments to the Nova Scotia Environment Act, is the province's carbon pricing system for large emitters as of 1 January 2023. The province adopted this system, along with the federal fuel charge, to replace Nova Scotia's previous cap-and-trade carbon pricing system. The Nova Scotia OBPS operates according to similar principles as the federal OBPS, by requiring industrial facilities to meet a performance standard for emissions intensity.
Facilities that out-perform the standard can earn tradable credits, while those that underperform must obtain credits from other facilities or from the government. The provincial government chooses how to disburse the proceeds from the OBPS, though some may be directed to the Nova Scotia Climate Change Fund and used for mitigation and adaptation programming. The system applies to the province’s largest emitters, such as Nova Scotia Power and Lafarge cement. Other facilities, with emissions below the threshold, have the option to either join the system or face a federal fuel charge from July 2023.
The Nova Scotia OBPS is mandatory for facilities that emit 50 kt CO2e annually, while facilities emitting at least 10 kt CO2e/year can opt-in.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
Invest Nova Scotia’s Early Stage Commercialization Fund (ESCF) helps move Nova Scotia university, college and university-affiliated research to market. ESCF:
• promotes and accelerates technology transfer activities in Nova Scotia post-secondary institutions
• provides the opportunity to assess the commercial potential of intellectual property
• narrows the gap that exists at the beginning of the commercialization process
• enables projects to move closer to industry collaboration or a spin-out opportunity
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Low Carbon Communities (LCC) Program supports community-led, innovative solutions to create long-lasting greenhouse gas reductions. The program provides funding for projects that support low-carbon solutions in buildings, electricity, transportation and education.
Instrument:
Consumer subsidy; Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Green Choice Program is an emerging green power offering developed through collaborative innovation between the Province, suppliers, the utility, and large energy buyers. It will allow participating customers to purchase up to 100% of their electricity use from local renewable energy sources.
Instrument:
Public procurement
Scope:
Project
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Electricity
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
The Community Solar Program helps community groups and organizations set up solar gardens on their properties and sell subscriptions to the electricity they produce from the solar gardens
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Energy Reform (2024) Act creates two new acts and repeals the Utility and Review Board Act. The new Energy and Regulatory Boards Act will split the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board into two new boards. It will create the new Nova Scotia Energy Board with expertise in and a focus on regulating public utilities in the energy sector. The new Energy Board will be required to consider the Environmental Goals and Climate Change Reduction Act in its decisions. The remaining responsibilities of the Utility and Review Board will stay with a restructured and renamed Regulatory and Appeals Board.
Instrument:
Enabling legislation
Scope:
Sector
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Electricity
Status:
Announced
Instrument type:
Indirect
Abatement channel:
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
The Environmental Stewardship and Climate Change Program supports the Agricultural sector in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. This program helps primary producers accelerate the adoption of priority beneficial management practices. Farms or Mi'kmaq conducting farming activities in a Mi'kmaw community are eligible.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Sustainable Communities Challenge Fund is a provincial grant program for local action on climate change in Nova Scotia. It supports community efforts to reduce or remove greenhouse gas emissions, or to prepare for and respond to the impacts of a changing climate. The fund will provide $15 million over three years in grants of $75,000 to $1 million, covering up to 60 to 80 per cent of a project’s eligible costs.
Instrument:
Consumer subsidy; Producer subsidy
Scope:
Class
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
First announced in the 2022 Nova Scotia climate change plan, the fund will help industries and businesses replace conventional fuels with low-carbon or renewable fuels such as hydrogen and biofuels. Details on the structure and approach of the fund have yet to be announced.
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The 2024 provincial budget provided $3 million to create a Clean Energy Fund that would "support more Nova Scotia communities to develop clean energy projects." It is assumed that these are electricity projects.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Nova Scotia
Sector:
Electricity
Status:
Announced
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Provides financial assistance of up to $300,000 for the purchase of emissions- and waste-reducing technologies for eligible farming or agri-food activities, or up to $30,000 for technology related to climate adaptation.
Initiated in 2007, the Nunavut Energy Management Program is a Government of Nunavut program led by the Department of Community and Government Services. It involves implementing energy retrofits on GN-owned buildings. The objectives are: to reduce by 20% water, fuel and electricity consumption by retrofitting existing Government of Nunavut owned facilities territory wide; to reduce GHG emissions by substituting diesel generated energy with renewables where feasible; and to explore new energy efficient building technologies. This program is currently targeting the South Baffin and North Baffin regions and has received funding from the Low Carbon Economy Fund.
Project supported by the federal Low Carbon Economy Fund to promote energy efficiency retrofits to public housing units, including:
• Window and door replacements,
• Hot water heater replacements, and
• Furnace/boiler replacements.
These retrofit and upgrade projects are being prioritized in the following communities: Kugluktuk, Taloyoak, Baker Lake, Coral Harbour, Rankin Inlet, Sanikiluaq, Hall Beach, Igloolik, and Iqaluit.
The objective of the Renewable Energy Homeowner Grant Program (REHGP) is to assist homeowners installing a solar renewable energy system. The goals are to reduce the load on electricity grids in communities, increase self-reliance, and decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the territory.
The Department of Environment’s Climate Change Secretariat provides funding for cabin owners in Nunavut to help offset the cost of installing a renewable energy system on their cabin. This funding is provided in the form of a one-time non-repayable grant.
The IPP program allows producers outside the Qulliq Energy Corporation (QEC) who meet the technical requirements and who are successful in being approved for participation in the IPP program by QEC to generate electrical power from renewable energy systems and sell it directly to QEC. Integrating renewable energy systems in the territory’s energy grid helps decrease Nunavut’s dependency on diesel fuel, enabling the corporation to reduce carbon emissions and promote energy self-reliance.
QEC’s Commercial and Institutional Power Producer (CIPP) program is designed to allow existing commercial and institutional customers (government departments, hamlets, businesses) to generate electricity using renewable energy systems and sell it to QEC. For example, local arenas or Co-op stores could install solar panels and generate clean power for their community.
Program run by Nunavut's utility, Qulliq Energy Corporation (QEC), to encourage hamlet and residential customers to install their own renewable energy systems by offering communities and individuals credits for providing energy back into the grid.
Nunavut's utility, Qulliq Energy Corporation (QEC), in partnership with the federal Low Carbon Economy Fund, is implementing new district energy systems that capture residual heat from power generation to heat local commercial and institutional buildings (space and water heating). These systems were implemented in two communities in 2018, Sanikiluaq and Taloyoak. These systems reduce energy costs for customers, extend the lifespan of the heating equipment, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce carbon emissions. Feasibility studies estimated the new heating systems in these two communities will displace approximately 298,000 litres of fuel and reduce emissions by 830 tCO2 annually.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Government of Nunavut provides grants and contributions to Nunavut municipalities to support projects that increase the energy efficiency of municipally-owned infrastructure, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance municipal capacity to respond to climate change impacts.
Instrument:
Infrastructure subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Nunavut
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
$419,000 funding from Nunavut and $140,000 funding from the federal Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund to retrofit buildings for increased energy efficiency. This project is expected to have an approximate cumulative reduction of 38,900 t of GHG emissions by 2030.
The LED Replacement Project by Qulliq Energy Corporation is replacing conventional streetlights with LED lights in all communities across Nunavut. Funding for this project has come from various government sources, including carbon tax revenue.
EnergyWise is a GN-led public awareness campaign targeting Nunavummiut at home and in the workplace to reduce emissions by increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption.
Conservation program for commercial and residential sectors to reduce electricity consumption through energy saving measures (such as retrofits, energy performance management, and affordability programs). Previous framework was called the Electricity 2015-2020 Conservation Framework.
Regulation to support community net metering (CNM) demonstration projects and enable innovative approaches to community energy planning. The regulation provides a framework for how community net metering projects are to be arranged. This includes a generator that manages load facilities, generation facilities, and an agreement with the participating distributor. Demonstration projects are limited to up to 10 MW in size and a term of maximum 10 years. The regulation also authorizes the West Five development in London, Ontario as a CNM demonstration project which will demonstrate how community net metering can support renewable energy integration at the community level, resulting in more affordable electricity and community level sustainability.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Ontario’s Emissions Performance Standards (EPS) program sets GHG emission limits for large industrial facilities. The program was developed as an alternative to the federal output-based pricing system (OBPS) and helps Ontario achieve GHG emissions reductions.
The EPS program came into full effect on January 1, 2022.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Ontario
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Demand side management (DSM) plan establishing framework for variety of conservation programs to Enbridge Gas Inc customers including residential affordability programs and residential/commercial retrofit programs. Similar programming under different frameworks have been in place for 20 years.
Ontario’s regulation O. Reg. 509/18 sets efficiency requirements for over 90 products using electricity, natural gas, and oil in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. Efficiency standards reduce energy use and GHG emissions across all sectors. Ontario is committed to regularly updating its efficiency standards and harmonizing its standards with leading North American jurisdictions, such as the US Department of Energy and Natural Resources Canada.
Regulations implemented in 2015 that are targeted at emission intensive and trade exposed industries (EITE), including cement, lime, and iron and steel manufacturers, to help transition to alternative low-carbon fuel in place of coal or coke. O. Reg. 79/15 was amended in 2021 to further streamline the approvals process for listed industries to substitute coke and coal with fuels derived from materials that would otherwise be disposed in landfills.
Regulation specifying a minimum renewable fuel content of 4% for diesel, by volume. Renewable diesel life cycle GHG emissions are required to be at least 70% lower than standard petroleum diesel. Specifies a minimum renewable fuel content for gasoline of a specified amount, which increases each calendar year: 11% in 2025, 13% in 2028, 15% in 2030. Gasoline must have an average of 50% less life cycle GHG emissions than standard petroleum gasoline (previously was 45%). This is a new regulation as of November 25 2020, that replaces the now revoked O. Reg. 535/05 (Greener Gasoline) and O. Reg. 97/14 (Greener Diesel).
Provincial investments across Ontario in transit initiatives that are in various phases of development, including: Ontario Line, Yonge North Subway Extension, Eglinton Crosstown West Extension, Scarborough Subway Extension, GO Rail Expansion, Hamilton LRT, Eglinton Crosstown LRT, Hurontario LRT, and Finch West LRT.
Emissions testing and safety inspection program for heavy diesel commercial motor vehicles, developed in 2022. This regulation does not apply to light passenger vehicles or heavy duty, non-diesel vehicles.
Ontario has provided various subsidies, many of them in concert with the federal government, to firms that are building or retrofitting facilities related to electric vehicles. Provincial spending includes:
- Matching a federal spend of $295 million for the battery electric vehicle (BEV) production hub at Ford Motors Oakville Assembly Complex.
- Providing up to $424.6 million in capital costs for the construction of a Umicore battery component plant in Loyalist Township
- Signing cost-sharing agreements with the federal government for production subsidies worth an estimated $9.4 billion over 20 years, for battery facilities owned by Volkswagen and Stellantis and LG Energy Solutions
Government of Ontario’s flagship initiative for the automotive and transportation sector, OVIN will accelerate the commercialization and adoption of the next generation electric, connected and autonomous vehicle and mobility technologies that contribute to a lower environmental and carbon footprint – all while supporting Ontario’s role as the manufacturing hub of Canada. Commitment to fund the Ontario Vehicle Innovation Network (OVIN) at a rate of $56.4 million over four years. On April 22, 2022, Ontario announced a new OVIN Northern Regional Technology Development Site (RTDS) to connect Ontario’s manufacturing might with Northern Ontario’s mining and mineral expertise, talent and leadership. The Northern RTDS will provide Ontario businesses with the support they need to help build the next generation vehicles.
Providing $91 million to help make EV chargers more accessible to the public across the province, including highway rest stops, carpool parking lots, Ontario Parks and in community hubs like hockey arenas and municipal parks. The province will also introduce the Rural Connectivity Fund to support the installation of EV chargers in rural communities and encourage EV adoption outside of urban centres
Ontario has issued a total of $12.5 billion in green bonds, focused on financing public transit initiatives, extreme-weather resistant infrastructure, and energy efficiency and conservation projects.
Ontario’s Planning Act requires that planning authorities, in carrying out their responsibilities under the Act, shall have regard to matters of provincial interest including the mitigation of GHG emissions. It also requires that a municipal official plan contain policies that identify goals, objectives and actions to mitigate GHG emissions. The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS) is issued under section 3 of the Planning Act and applies Ontario-wide. It sets the policy foundation for regulating the development and use of land. The PPS, 2020, which came into effect May 1, 2020, replacing the PPS, 2014, includes a range of policies to support reduction of GHG emissions, such as promoting compact form, a structure of nodes and corridors, the use of active transportation, transit-supportive development and intensification. It requires municipalities to integrate these considerations in their local official plans, zoning by-laws and land use planning decisions. Four provincial land use plans in Greater Golden Horseshoe, the Greenbelt, the Oak Ridges Moraine, and the Niagara Escarpment working together under key legislation, specifically the Places to Grow Act (2005) and the Greenbelt Act (2005), to manage growth, build complete communities, curb sprawl and protect the natural environment.
The updated version of the Places to Grow, from 2020, "A Place to Grow: Growth plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe," updates and reinforces these trends.
Minimum price of $0.0775/kWh, adjusted annually by CPI, for electricity produced from large-capacity renewable sources. The Renewable Energy Act established a minimum purchase price that utilities must pay for power produced by large-scale renewable energy generators and makes it economically feasible for island homeowners, small businesses or farmers who have an interest in generating their own electricity to install small-scale generating systems through net-metering. Currently about 25% of Prince Edward Island’s electricity consumption is sourced from on-island wind farms.
The program includes energy efficiency upgrades to provincial buildings, improved fuel efficiency of its vehicle fleet, and a commitment to green procurement. Fuel-switching (light fuel oil to biomass) has begun in several government buildings and 15 electric vehicles have been added to the government fleet. Additional fuel-switching and energy efficiency measures are planned for the following years, and additional electric and hybrid vehicles will be added to the government fleet.
The PEI Energy Corporation has begun work on the first of two new wind farms; one with 30 MW and another one with 40 MW. Wind regime studies at four locations of interest were completed. Environmental impact analysis studies, Climate Lens Assessments and risk mitigation assessments have been completed for the three most favorable locations
Programs to enhance efficiency in residential and commercial buildings. Programs include the Energy Efficiency Equipment Appliance Rebates, Home Insulation Rebates, Instant Energy Savings Program (point-of-sale), New Home Construction Incentive, Energy Efficiency Loan Program, Home Comfort and Winter Warming Programs (Low-income weatherization Building Envelope Upgrades), Energy Audit Programs, Solar Electric Rebate Program, and Business Energy Rebates. All of these programs, except New Home Construction, have been expanded because of support from the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund.
Energy rebate to engage Islanders to reduce carbon emissions and work to make electricity cheaper. Clean Energy Price Incentive will rebate 10% of the first block of residential electricity, as well as on lower emitting heat sources, including firewood, pellets, and propane. This will save $120 per household each year and provide a clear pricing signal for cleaner energy. The following energy products are eligible for provincial rebates:
• Electricity – rebate on first block (2,000 kWh per month) on eligible residential bills for year-round customers
• Propane – rebate on purchases for residential home heating.
• Wood Pellets – rebate on pellets used for space heating.
• Firewood – rebate on purchases of one cord or more used for space heating.
• Wood Chips – purchases for residential heating eligible for a rebate by submitting an application.
The rebate will be at the retail level and the Prince Edward Island will reimburse the supplier for 10% of sales subject to HST. The rebate will be deducted from electricity, propane, or wood fuel bill.
The program supplies free heat pumps to eligible Islanders. To be eligible, Islanders must have a net household income of $100,000 or less, they must own their home, the home must be their principal residence and it must be valued at $300,000 or less. Program announced in 2021. Income threshold increased from $55,000 to $75,000 in early 2023, and to $100,000 in January 2024. Received top-up in 2023 provincial budget.
Prince Edward Island announced that the province would transition their school bus fleet to electric. PEI now has 107 electric school busses in its fleet.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
Policy description:
$3 million over 3 years to support innovative solutions to climate change. $100,000 to support projects that reduce GHG emissions, helped communities and the economy adapt to climate change, and address inequities and discrimination that are generated from the negative impacts of climate change.
Instrument:
Research and development funding
Scope:
Project
Region:
Prince Edward Island
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization; Negative emissions
$25 million over 5 years to support active transportation (AT) in PEI. The AT Fund is helping to build new walking and bike paths, install paved shoulders, and better connect existing walking and cycling trails to improve and grow PEI’s active transportation network.
Initiative to plant native tree species on public and privately owned abandoned or marginally productive agricultural land. The program covers all planting and seeding costs. To date, 469 hectares of trees have been planted (approximately one million trees). The project is partially funded by the Government of Canada's Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund.
Provides agricultural landowners with assistance to remove environmentally sensitive land from production. The program includes the expansion of buffer zones, grassed headlands, retiring high-sloped land, and converting annual cropland to perennial soil and water conservation structures. The program supports the conversion of over 2,800 hectares of farm land from annual production to perennial cover.
The PEI Electric Vehicle Charging Fund will support up to 75% of eligible costs for First Nations, municipalities, business, academic and community organizations in PEI to install commercial EV chargers in public parking areas, workplaces, light-duty vehicle fleet parking, and designated multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs). Funded in part through NRCan's ZEVIP.
Program offers curbside three source separation system (waste, compost, and recyclables). The Waste Watch program was launched in 2002 by the Island Waste Management Corporation. The program diverts up to 65% of waste produced by Islanders from disposal in landfill. Compostable waste is diverted to a central compost facility.
The Electric Vehicle Rebate Program provides rebates of $3,500 for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and to $5,750 for towards a plugin hybrid or new or used EV. From January 2021 to March 2022, there was a 237% increase in the number of zero-emission vehicles registered in PEI. This has included investments in EV charging infrastructure for homes, and businesses and multi-unit residential buildings. 750$ were added for BEVs (from previous 5,000 $) to replace the free level 2 charger that were previously given out. The program includes both on-island point of sale and off-island purchase (both new and used).
The Bicycle Rebate will help increase active transportation on the Island. The instant rebate of up to $100 will be offered on bicycles with a retail price of up to $2000 (before tax). There is a price floor of $50 (the bike cannot be sold for a sticker price of less than $50 after the rebate has been applied).
The Government of Prince Edward Island is offering eligible Islanders and organizations a $500 rebate for those who purchase an e-Bike (Power Assisted Bicycle). The purpose of the program is to encourage greater adoption of Active Transportation options among Islanders.
The PEI Agriculture Climate Solutions Program is designed to encourage and provide assistance to the PEI agriculture industry to implement best management practices (BMPs) that mitigate the production of greenhouse gases (GHG) during or from various agricultural activities or by prompting carbon storage in soils. The Program provides financial assistance for the adoption of beneficial on-farm projects and through trial-based payments that encourage the adoption of beneficial practices through demonstration, validation, and knowledge-transfer. Funding for this program is provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Low Carbon Economy Fund and the Province of Prince Edward Island.
10% rebated through carbon tax revenues and additional subsidies for +19 fares. All transit routes on Prince Edward Island are free for school aged youth 18 and under.
The province is banning the installation of oil heating systems in new buildings starting 2021 and the installation in existing buildings will start in 2023.
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
Cap and trade for industrial and electricity sectors as well as fossil fuel distributors. Revenue raised by the policy is invested in low carbon technologies.
Instrument:
Emissions price
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Quebec
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Demand management; Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
The Construction Code was amended in 2012 to introduce new energy efficiency standards for residential buildings (3 stories maximum). A second amendment phase is currently underway. The amendments focus on energy efficiency requirements for commercial, institutional, industrial, and tall residential buildings. The amendments will improve energy performance of new buildings by 20% to 25% compared to the previous regulation. In January 2022, the National Building Code of Canada 2015, with amendments for Québec, went into force.
Minimum renewable fuel content of 1% in distributed natural gas in Québec as of 2020, rising to 2% in 2023, and 5% in 2025, 7% in 2028, 10% in 2030.
EN: Regulations concerning the quantity of gas from renewable sources to be delivered by a distributor. The regulations establish that the proportion of gas from renewable sources distributed in the gas network must reach at least 1% from the year 2020, then that it must gradually increase to a minimum of 10% from 2030. All gases from renewable sources whose properties allow their direct integration into the gas network, such as renewable natural gas, but also green hydrogen to a certain extent, can be included in the calculation of the regulatory obligation.
FR: La réglementation établit que la proportion de gaz de source renouvelable distribuée dans le réseau gazier doit atteindre au moins 1 % à compter de l’année 2020, puis qu’elle devra augmenter graduellement jusqu’à un minimum de 10 % à compter de 2030. Tous les gaz de source renouvelable dont les propriétés permettent leur intégration directe dans le réseau gazier, comme le gaz naturel renouvelable, mais aussi l’hydrogène vert dans une certaine mesure, peuvent être inclus dans le calcul de l’obligation réglementaire.
Program available to businesses, institutions and municipalities. Both small and large energy consumers can apply for financial assistance. The program aims to improve the energy efficiency of commercial and institutional buildings as well as that of industrial processes in order to reduce fugitive and regular GHG emissions in processes and to diminish the consumption of fossil fuels. In addition to direct reductions projected in the short term, indirect, longer term mitigation impacts are also expected.
Energy efficiency program for low-income households. The program enables low-income households to get free individualized advice and to have electronic thermostats installed free of charge.
Financial assistance to convert primary heating systems that uses oil, propane, or other fossil fuels except natural gas, to primary heating systems powered by geothermal, hydro, wind, or solar energy.
Maximum of $4,000 in financial assistance to first-time owners of Novoclimat 2.0 approved houses. The program also applies to small multiple-unit buildings such as a duplex, triplex, quadruplex, and multiple-unit buildings of three or fewer stories and 600 m2 or less. The first Novoclimat program from 1999, still applies to properties of more than 600 m² and up to 10 stories where the main energy source is electricity, natural gas, or residual forest biomass.
The strategy outlines measures and additional funding to support the deployment of public, private and shared electric vehicle chargers at a scale needed to meet the province's climate goals for 2030. The plan contains $506 million in funded initiatives. According to the 2023-2028 Action plan for the 2030 Plan for a green economy, approximately $100 million of these funds are additional.
Since 2009, serial speed limiters have been activated and regulated to prevent vehicles from exceeding 105 km/h. The measure is for heavy vehicle operators whose trucks use the Québec roadway network.
The Government aims to increase the use of renewable fuels to 15% of gasoline and 10% of diesel by 2030. The regulations are particularly ambitious in that they aim to incorporate low-carbon fuels that will result in real GHG reductions.
The Ecobus program, which particularly targets intercity and private carriers by offering them the possibility of substantially reducing the investments necessary for the acquisition or conversion of their vehicles. It is financed by the Electrification and Climate Change Fund (FECC).
Promotes the use of equipment and technology to improve energy efficiency while reducing GHGs in the transportation of goods. This program offers financial support for eligible technologies and for the completion of projects to reduce GHG emissions.
This program aims to reduce or avoid GHG emissions by offering financial assistance to improve the energy efficiency of organizations and companies that use marine, air or railway transportation services, particularly through the use of more efficient transportation materials and equipment. The program consists of two components: Infrastructure and Equipment, and Studies and Pilot Projects. Businesses, municipal organizations and other legally constituted organizations with an establishment in Québec are eligible for the program. Québec has provided additional funding for the program through its 2022–2027 Implementation Plan.
Program focuses on GHG emissions associated with passenger transportation. The program will support transit authorities to increase public transit services, operations, and capital projects. Investments will be made in urban, rural, and interregional transport services. The Québec government has provided financial support for regional public transit through the PADTC (Programme d’aide au développement de transport collectif (PADTC or public transit development assistance program)) since 2007. The financial aid program allows eligible municipal organizations to develop service offers to meet the various transportation needs of the public. Some kinds of funding under this program are also for intercity bus carriers, to support some of the more financially fragile intercity routes, in order to maintain the intercity mobility of the users. Recently, the government highlighted the importance of regional public transit in the 2017-2018 Québec Economic Plan, and from 2017 to 2021, the PADTC has been granted additional funds of $2 million a year to support regional public transit projects. Funding for regional public transit has risen from $7 million in 2012 to $12.8 million in 2017. The average amount of financial aid granted was $132,000 in 2017, up from $121,970 in 2016 and $84,000 in 2012.
Automakers that sell over 4,500 vehicles in the province are required to meet a minimum zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) credit quota. The regulations outline annual targets, including 32.5% new ZEV sales or rentals by 2026, 85% by 2030, and 100% by 2035.
The goal of the Transportez vert program is to help companies, municipalities and public bodies that operate a fleet of road vehicles to implement measures that reduce the fuel consumption of their vehicles and, consequently, their GHG emissions.
It includes three streams:
- Support for energy management: which offers financial assistance to encourage organizations with a fleet of road vehicles to implement actions that reduce vehicle fuel consumption;
- Eco-driving training: which offers financial assistance for a trainer who will teach drivers of a light or heavy vehicle how and why to adopt more efficient driving in terms of energy and safety;
- DC fast charging stations: which offers financial assistance for the acquisition and installation of DC fast charging stations to promote the electrification of vehicle fleets.
One of the streams of the Roulez vert program provides purchase incentives for electric vehicles. In 2024, the values are $7000 for a new battery electric vehicle or $5000 for a plug-in hybrid vehicle, with the values reduced by half for used vehicles. These amounts decline to $4000 and $2000 in 2025, to $2000 and $1000 in 2026, and are phased out completely in 2027.
The 2022 provincial budget extended the program but reduced the rebates from $4,000 for a used vehicle and $8,000 for a new vehicle. The 2024 provincial budget announced that the amounts would reduce further starting in 2025 and the program would phase out in 2027.
A one-time rebate of $105,000 is granted for the purchase of a fully electric school bus. The rebate is issued to: 1) school bus providers on contract with school boards and private teaching establishments, and 2) school boards and accredited private teaching establishments. Amount was amended to $150,000 for FY 2021–22, $125,000 for FY 2022–23, and $100,000 for FY 2023–24. A change to regulation will accelerate the deployment of electric school buses. For 2023: back to 150 000$, additional amount of 25 000 $ available for battery capacities of at least 155 kilowatthours.
The New Mobility Assistance Program (NOMO) aims to take advantage of the evolution of digital and communication technologies in order to support the integration of existing or developing personal mobility services so that they are more sustainable, connected , accessible and adapted to the needs of citizens.
The Financial Assistance Program for the Development of Active Transportation in Urban Perimeters (TAPU) is a support tool for municipalities and an incentive to help them make a marked shift in the supply of active transportation infrastructure in Quebec.
The Wood Construction Innovation Program (PICB) financially supports businesses and organizations that integrate wood material in an innovative way into a construction or major renovation project in the non-residential and multi-family sectors. Its aim is to increase the use of wood in construction and, thus, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from new buildings and civil engineering works (such as bridges). The program particularly supports projects that make it possible to develop new uses of wood or that require the deployment of additional efforts due to the choice of this material.
The program is in effect until March 31 , 2024 and is funded in the context of the 2030 Green Economy Plan . It is part of the Policy for the integration of wood in construction and its 2021-2026 implementation plan.
In 2004, the Regulation respecting halocarbons came into effect. In April 16, 2020, marked the adoption of the Regulations Amending the Halocarbon Regulations. The purpose of the strengthened regulations is to reduce the release of halocarbons into the atmosphere in order to ensure the protection of the ozone layer and to minimize the increase in the greenhouse effect. The amendments propose a partial ban on Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and aim to encourage the adoption of new technologies. The amendments also specify standards related to recycling halocarbons, what to do if there is a leakage, and the treatment of used halocarbons. The mitigation impact of this measure is included in the estimate for the federal measure Regulation of Hydrofluorocarbons.
The purpose of this Regulation is to ensure the protection of the stratospheric ozone layer against depletion caused by emissions into the atmosphere of halocarbons used in particular in refrigeration or air conditioning systems. Its purpose is also to minimize the increase in the greenhouse effect linked to emissions of certain halocarbon replacements that is one of the sources of man-induced climate change.
To that end, this Regulation prohibits the emission into the atmosphere of halocarbons, governs their use and provides for the progressive prohibition of certain halocarbons in order to favour alternative technologies more respectful of the environment. It prescribes standards respecting the containers used to confine those substances and their recovery. It also prescribes environmental qualification requirements to apply to those in the labour force using those substances.
Encourages the development of technological innovation in energy efficiency, renewable energies, bioenergies, and GHG emission reductions by offering financial assistance to project promoters who want to demonstrate the potential of technological innovation. The program also promotes the testing of technologies that are unavailable or not widely available in the Québec market.
This program financially supports municipalities, municipal organizations or private developers in the establishment of biomethanization and composting infrastructures in Quebec and for the purchase of equipment for collecting food and residential green waste. This program makes it possible to divert organic matter intended for elimination and reduce Quebec's GHG emissions. The submission of projects ended on December 31, 2023.
As of May 22, 2024, 34 biomethanization and composting projects (part 1) have been awarded. The contribution of the Government of Quebec amounts to more than $344 million and that of the Federal Government amounts to more than $121 million. As for component 2, namely the acquisition of residential collection equipment, 94 projects were awarded, representing a contribution from the Government of Quebec of more than $14.7 million.
The Regulation involves landfilling and incinerating residual materials and requires the largest technical landfill sites (such as those that landfill over 50,000 tonnes of residual materials per year) to capture biogases and make use of them or eliminate them.
In 2006 and 2012, royalties on residual material disposal were implemented to reduce the quantities of eliminated residual material and to increase the lifespan of disposal sites. The royalties also fund the preparation, implementation, and revision of residual material management plans and measures from the Québec Policy on Residual Waste Management (Politique Québécoise de gestion des matières résiduelles) and the Biomethanization and compost treatment program for organic material (Programme de traitement des matières organiques par biométhanisation et compostage).
Since 2006, fees for the elimination of residual materials have been payable in order to reduce the quantities of residual materials eliminated and to increase the lifespan of disposal sites. These royalties also finance the preparation, implementation and revision of municipal waste management plans and the Organic Materials Treatment Program through biomethanization and composting (Programme de traitement des matières organiques par biométhanisation et compostage).
The Domestic and Community Composting Assistance (ACDC) program aims to support municipalities and Indigenous communities so that they help divert organic materials from disposal and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by implementing place domestic or community composting equipment. The program has been extended until October 31, 2024. There are currently 44 projects awarded affecting 81 municipalities in Quebec.
Financial support for rural and under-served farm and agri-food businesses to reduce emissions and support clean energy projects in off-grid communities.
EN: Government financial assistance for carrying out feasibility studies or for the implementation of the infrastructure required for the capture and reuse of thermal waste by a third party.
FR: Une aide financière gouvernementale pour la réalisation d’études de faisabilité ou pour l’implantation des infrastructures requises pour la captation et la réutilisation des rejets thermiques par un tiers.
EN: Financial assistance to private companies for projects to purchase and install public direct current charging stations (BRCC).
FR: Aide financière aux entreprises privées pour des projets d'achat et d'installation de bornes de recharge à courant continu (BRCC) publiques.
EN: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption by financing bioenergy energy conversion projects.
FR: Réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la consommation des combustibles fossiles par le financement de projets de conversion énergétique à la bioénergie.
EN: Since August 23, 2022, the Act putting an end to the search for hydrocarbons or underground reservoirs, the production of hydrocarbons and the exploitation of brine or LMF prohibits throughout Quebec:
•the research and production of hydrocarbons;
•the exploitation of brine;
•the search for underground reservoirs when carried out with the intention of searching for, storing or exploiting hydrocarbons or brine.
With the LMF, all exploration and production licenses related to these activities are revoked. In this context, each well drilled under such a license must be subject to mandatory definitive well closure as well as restoration of its site. Activities relating to natural gas storage as well as natural gas and oil pipelines are not covered by the LMF.
The LMF:
•includes a compensation program for licensees directly affected by license revocations;
•provides for the possibility of carrying out pilot projects with a view to acquiring geoscientific knowledge;
•allows the continued supervision of activities relating to natural gas storage as well as natural gas and oil pipelines.
Through this law, Quebec becomes the first state in North America to prohibit the research and production of hydrocarbons on its territory and thus confirms its membership in the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA), a coalition of states committed to gradually reduce oil and gas production.
FR: Depuis le 23 août 2022, la Loi mettant fin à la recherche d’hydrocarbures ou de réservoirs souterrains, à la production d’hydrocarbures et à l’exploitation de la saumure ou LMF interdit sur tout le territoire québécois :
•la recherche et la production d’hydrocarbures;
•l’exploitation de la saumure;
•la recherche de réservoirs souterrains lorsqu’elle est faite dans l’intention de rechercher, de stocker ou d’exploiter des hydrocarbures ou de la saumure.
Avec la LMF, toutes les licences d’exploration et de production liées à ces activités sont révoquées. Dans ce contexte, chaque puits foré en vertu d’une telle licence doit faire l’objet d’une fermeture définitive de puits obligatoire ainsi que d’une restauration de son site. Les activités relatives au stockage de gaz naturel ainsi qu’aux conduites de gaz naturel et de pétrole ne sont pas visées par la LMF.
La LMF :
•inclut un programme d’indemnisation à l’intention des titulaires directement touchés par les révocations de licences;
•prévoit la possibilité de réaliser des projets pilotes en vue d’acquérir des connaissances géoscientifiques;
•permet le maintien de l’encadrement des activités relatives au stockage de gaz naturel ainsi qu’aux conduites de gaz naturel et de pétrole.
Par cette loi, le Québec devient le premier État en Amérique du Nord à interdire la recherche et la production d’hydrocarbures sur son territoire et confirme ainsi son adhésion à la Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance (BOGA), une coalition d’États engagés à réduire progressivement la production pétrolière et gazière.
EN: The Renewable Natural Gas Production Support Program (PSPGNR) aims to support renewable natural gas (RNG) production and injection projects into the natural gas distribution network. The program has two components.
Component 1 aims to financially support the carrying out of feasibility studies for carrying out projects. Assistance can reach 75% of eligible expenses up to a maximum of $300,000 per project. Part 2 aims to financially support the completion of the project. Assistance can reach 50% of eligible expenses up to a maximum of $15 million per project.
FR: Le Programme de soutien à la production de gaz naturel renouvelable (PSPGNR) vise à soutenir les projets de production et d’injection de gaz naturel (GNR) renouvelable dans le réseau de distribution de gaz naturel. Le programme compte deux volet.
Le volet 1 vise à soutenir financièrement la réalisation d’études de faisabilité pour la réalisation de projets. L’aide peut atteindre 75 % des dépenses admissible jusqu’à un maximum de 300 000 $ par projet. Le volet 2 vise à soutenir financièrement la réalisation du projet. L’aide peut atteindre 50 % des dépenses admissibles jusqu’à un maximum de 15 M$ par projet.
The 2020 editions of the National Building Code and the National Energy Code for Buildings were adopted on January 1, 2024. These new editions will raise the minimum energy efficiency standards required for all newly constructed buildings (both large and small).
The 2020 editions of these codes are tiered codes, which move from minimal energy efficiency standards (tier 1) to very high energy efficiency standards (tier 5). Saskatchewan adopted tier 1 of the NECB as a minimum standard applicable to large buildings. Tier 2 of the NBC is adopted effective January 1, 2024 and Tier 3 will go into effect on January 1, 2025. Until further analysis and consultations can be conducted on the impact these tiers will have on industry and consumers Saskatchewan will reserve all decisions to move to higher tiers.
SaskEnergy, a Saskatchewan crown corporation, offers rebates for energy efficient equipment such as to households for "furnaces, boilers, heat recovery ventilators, and up to $1000 for high efficiency water heaters. SaskEnergy contributed $1.2 million in funding for customer energy efficiency programs - resulting in more than $3 million in rebates for residential and commercial customers who purchased high-efficiency heating equipment in 2021-22
Regulation requiring a minimum renewable fuel content of 7.5% for gasoline by volume. This target supersedes the federal Renewable Fuels Regulation requirement of 5%.
Regulation requiring an average minimum renewable fuel content of 2% for diesel by volume. This target is in line with the federal Renewable Fuels Regulation.
SaskPower program leading to an estimated cumulative sequestration of 2669 KtCO2e from 1992 to 2030 through the growth and distribution of tree, shrub, and native plant seedlings. These seedlings are grown using the waste heat from the adjacent coal-fired power station. Each production cycle contributes approximately 3.3 KtCO2e to 5.6 KtCO2e sequestration annually through growth with the target of distributing 500,000 seedlings annually to eligible customers. SaskPower has made capital investments in the facility since 2021 to replace aging infrastructure and a thorough Building Condition Assessment is underway. 13 M seedlings have been distributed as of 2024.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Saskatchewan Output-Based Performance Standards (OBPS) comprise the province's carbon pricing system for large emitters. As of January 2023, the system has been expanded to cover all large emitters in the province, so that it meets the requirements of the revised federal carbon pricing benchmark.
The Saskatchewan OBPS follows similar principles as the federal OBPS, by requiring industrial facilities to meet a performance standard for emissions intensity.
The system applies all electricity facilities that emit 10 kt CO2e or more annually, and to all other facilities that emit 25 kt CO2e/year or more. Facilities with emissions below those thresholds can register if they are part of an “aggregate” of oil and gas facilities, or if they meet another threshold specified by Cabinet.
The Saskatchewan OBPS is unique among large emitter carbon pricing systems by providing non-tradeable credits to facilities that install carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). This means that facilities may only use credits generated by CCUS for their own compliance and cannot sell them to other facilities.
Facilities that underperform their performance standard may reach their compliance requirements through multiple options:
• Make payments to a Saskatchewan technology fund,
• Purchase credits from other large industrial emitters that have emitted below their performance standard, or
• Purchase offset credits through Saskatchewan's Offset Credit System.
Before January 2023, the Saskatchewan OBPS did not apply to pipeline distribution or electricity. Emissions from these sectors were previously covered by the federal OBPS. As of January 2023 the Saskatchewan OBPS applies to all large emitters in the province.
Instrument:
Tradeable performance standard
Scope:
Multi-sector
Region:
Saskatchewan
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Mandatory
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Regulations, implemented through The Oil and Gas Conservation Act, designed to achieve an annual emissions reduction of between 4.0 and 4.5 Mt CO2e (in line with Saskatchewan’s Methane Action Plan) by limiting the allowable emissions of all upstream oil facility licensees whose combined potential emissions exceed 50,000 tCO2e annually. Licensees exceeding their annual emissions limit are subject to an administrative penalty ($/t of excess emissions).
Expand short haul rail systems in both size and usage to reduce transportation emissions through shifting from higher-emitting to lower-emitting transportation options. To support this, Saskatchewan has created a grant program called the Short Line Railway Improvement Program to help short line railways upgrade their track to improve service and help short lines continue operations. Saskatchewan has tailored the provincial program eligibility so that the program can be stacked with federal grants targeting railway improvements. There are 13 provincially regulated short line railways in Saskatchewan that operate on 2,122 kilometres of track, primarily transporting grain.
Government of Saskatchewan directly funds the provincial Shortline Railway Improvement Program on an annual basis. Some short line projects are eligible for both the provincial funding as well as well as federal funds through other programs like National Trade Corridor Fund, Rail Safety Improvement Program and Rail Climate Change Adaptation Program RCAP.
Program to reduce government fleet emissions by 20% from 2007 levels by 2020 by ensuring their fleet is operating at their highest efficiency and effectiveness capacity through right-sizing assessments. These assessments are reviewed and completed through new vehicle and vehicle replacement requests. Fleet needs for size, utilization, and standardization are identified based on their service delivery. It is unclear whether or not the 2020 target was met, but right-sizing assessments are ongoing.
As well, Saskatchewan's Central Vehicle Agency evaluated the government's vehicle fleet to explore lower-carbon technology opportunities.
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
Policy description:
The Saskatchewan Technology Fund will invest in transformative technologies and innovation to reduce GHG emissions intensity. Eligible individual projects can obtain up to 50% of available funds capped at $25M per project.
Instrument:
Producer subsidy
Scope:
Project
Region:
Saskatchewan
Sector:
Multi-sector
Status:
Implemented
Instrument type:
Abatement support
Abatement channel:
Efficiency; End-use fuel switching; Energy source decarbonization
The Demand Response Program allows SaskPower to pay their larger industrial customers to reduce or shift their power use. They say it is a more cost-effective option than building more power stations. Adoption of energy efficiency, conservation and self-generation programs by SaskPower clients through its Demand Side Management Program (DSM) reduces strain on the system and lowers the costs associated with building and maintaining new energy generating capacity. Customers are also able to use energy more efficiently, thereby reducing energy costs and GHG emissions.
The Irrigation Efficiency Program supports improved energy and water efficiencies in irrigation systems. The program provides eligible applicants who meet program criteria, with a rebate for converting low-efficiency or high-pressure irrigation systems to high-efficiency, low-pressure irrigation systems.
To assist large scale power producers, the Government of Yukon has adopted the Independent Power Production Policy which aims at enabling independent, non-utility electricity producers to sell electricity to Yukon’s two public utilities through renewable energy technologies, such as wind power, micro-hydro, biomass and solar electric (or photovoltaic) systems. The IPP policy was fully implemented in January 2019. As of December 2022, four projects with a total capacity of over 2.8 MW are fully commissioned and more projects are close to commissioning. In 2020, the Government of Yukon raised the cap for the Standing Offer Program under the IPP policy from 20 to 40 gigawatt-hours annually.
Conduct retrofits and install renewable heating systems in Government of Yukon buildings to contribute to a 30% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030. Continue to require all new Government of Yukon buildings to be designed to use 35% less energy than the targets in the National Energy Code for Buildings 2017, in accordance with the Government of Yukon’s Design Requirements and Building Standards Manual. Install renewable electricity generation systems in 5 Government of Yukon buildings in off-grid locations by 2025 to reduce reliance on diesel-generated electricity.
The Government of Yukon’s Good Energy Rebate program provides rebates for energy-efficient choices, including new homes, household appliances, products, services and heating systems, retrofits or upgrades to buildings and homes, purchasing clean transportation vehicles, and generating electricity from renewable energy sources.
The Government of Yukon’s Good Energy Rebate program provides rebates for energy-efficient choices, including new homes, household appliances, products, services and heating systems, retrofits or upgrades to buildings and homes, purchasing clean transportation vehicles, and generating electricity from renewable energy sources.
This rebate is for upgrades to commercial, institutional and community buildings that increase a building's energy efficiency and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The program launched in 2019 and as of December 2022, 164 projects were completed.
Switching from fossil fuels to renewable fuels to heat our buildings is a key action to reducing the territory’s greenhouse gas emissions, since 21% of the territory’s emissions come from heating. The Energy Branch supports this transition by providing rebates for renewable heating systems (biomass heating, and heat pumps) and support to an electric thermal storage pilot project run by Yukon Conservation Society. A total of 59 heat pumps were installed by 2022 across the Good Energy heat pump rebate.
The Better Buildings program provides loans of up to $50,000 for residential and $100,000 for commercial buildings for upgrades that reduce annual energy consumption. Loans provided under the Better Buildings program are offered at the Bank of Canada interest rate, the lowest interest rate available in the country. Participants repay the loans through local improvement charges added to their annual property taxes.
The Renewable Home Energy rebate is part of the Good Energy Suite of programs. Electricity-generating systems that use renewable energy are eligible for up to a $5000 rebate.
In 2020, the Government of Yukon set a target to reduce emissions from Government of Yukon buildings by 30% by 2030, compared to 2010 levels.
This is funded through the Yukon Green Infrastructure Program, which is a multi-year capital investment program to reduce GHG emissions from Government of Yukon buildings with a focus on renewable energy heating systems and retrofits.
Purchase rebates available for range of ZEVS including passenger vehicles, medium duty vehicles as well as electric motorcycles, snowmobiles, and bicycles and charging stations. The number of zero emission light duty vehicle registrations in the Yukon by the end of 2022 is 204. In addition to ZEV and Level 2 charging station rebates, the Yukon government also installs and operates the Yukon's fast charging network. This network allows EVs to travel to every road accessible Yukon community.
Require all diesel fuel sold in Yukon for transportation and heating to align emissions intensity with BC’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, beginning in 2025, aiming for around 30%.
The Canadian Climate Policy Inventory was developed by the Canadian Climate Policy Partnership (C2P2), a research initiative led by Dr. Jennifer Winter at the University of Calgary. C2P2 provides publicly accessible information on Canadian climate policies to support effective strategies to mitigate climate change and help meet Canada’s emissions reduction targets.
Partners and funders of C2P2 include the Canadian Climate Institute, CIRANO (Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des Organisations), the Government of British Columbia, the Government of Canada’s Environmental Damages Fund, Mitacs, Quebec Net Positif, Royal Roads University, the Smart Prosperity Institute, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Office of the Vice-President (Research) at the University of Calgary, and the School of Public Policy at the University of Calgary. The C2P2 inventory builds on past work by Navius Research Inc. and the Canadian Climate Institute.
The Canadian Climate Policy Inventory is updated regularly, with the last update posted on August 15, 2024. The Canadian Climate Policy Inventory is also hosted on PRISM Data, a research depository of the University of Calgary.
